The book of Deuteronomy is considered to be the fifth and last book of Moses. The other four are Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, and Numbers. The Deuteronomy consists of a series of speeches addressed by Moses to the Israelites along with the proclamation of the Decalogue, before entering the promised land of Canaan. The current form of the book may not be from a single author and probably has undergone some additions and modifications over time, also with great security this is the book mentioned in the Second Book of Kings, whose discovery caused a religious reform in the kingdom of Judah a few years before the destruction of this Kingdom at the hands of the Babylonian empire.
In this book, the prophet Moses not only wrote the Decalogue, the Ten Commandments, but also instructed the nation of Israel in the importance of faithfulness and the fear of God (constancy, firmness, devotion), which are necessary perfections to make the law not a dead letter but a letter inscribed in the hearts of men. The book is also of great importance from the point of view of ethics and human morality because it is an improvement on the ancient code of Hammurabi.
The Book of Deuteronomy also has a special significance because it is considered the source of all the true wisdom of Israel: "See, I have taught you decrees and laws as the LORD my God commanded me, so that you may follow them in the land you are entering to take possession of it. Observe them carefully, for this will show your wisdom and understanding to the nations, who will hear about all these decrees and say, ´Surely this great nation is a wise and understanding people.´" Deuteronomy 4:5-6.
This is why Moses summarized the message of the Deuteronomy with a few words:
"The LORD commanded us to obey all these decrees and to fear the LORD our God, so that we might always prosper and be kept alive, as is the case today. And if we are careful to obey all this law before the LORD our God, as he has commanded us, that will be our righteousness" Deuteronomy 6:24-25.
Many principles set forth by the Deuteronomy later became the basis of the doctrine of the Kingdom of God taught by Jesus, principles that have survived to this day.
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