The development of computers was accelerated. Its use began in the field of science, step to business, in less than 50 years invaded daily life and today is practically necessary in any home.
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- First generation
They were machines that occupied entire rooms. The data and programs were stored in a rotating magnetic drum. The data was loaded by means of perforated cards and processed by bulbs, glass tubes that contained electrical circuits and that generated a lot of heat.
Main Machines
- Mark I (1944): Un dispositivo electromecánico, fabricado para la Marina de Estados Unidos por Howard Aitken e ingenieros de la IBM.
- Colossus: Decipher of special purpose codes manufactured by the British.
- Eniac: Created in 1946 for the purpose of calculating the speed of military projectiles. It weighed 30 tons and had 18,000 bulbs.
- UNIVAC I: First computer created by a commercial firm belonging to John W. Mauchly and J. Prespert Eckert. Also creators of the computers: EDVAC, EDSAC, IAS, and commercial IBM 650, 701, 704, 709.
- Manchester Mark I: Produced by the University of Manchester and is the first computer with "Stored Program".
- ABC: Known now as the first electronic digital computer. Manufactured at Iowa State University.
2.Second generation
The transistors replaced the bulbs. Computers were smaller, faster, versatile, durable and economical. The data was stored on magnetic disks. The software was improved, facilitating its programming and use. It spread the use in companies.
The STRETCH is one of the computers built by transistors by the IBM company, thought to be a hundred times faster than the 704 models of the first generation of computers of that company.
Main characteristics
- Decrease in size
- Decrease in consumption and heat production.
- More quickly, the speed of operations is no longer measured in seconds but in micro seconds.
- Increase reliability
- High level programming languages.
- Internal memory of ferrite cores.
- Improve input and output devices for the best reading of punched cards.
3.Third generation
Integrated circuits were used that allowed to have hundreds of transistors in a small space.
Computers became smaller, more powerful and more efficient. More flexible programs appeared. The main computers were the IBM 360, PDP-8 and PDP-11.
Main characteristics
- The "Computer Families" appear: Computers of different power and price but with the same architecture and fully compatible.
- Printed circuit boards (PCB).
- Incorporation of electronic memories (cache memories appear).
- Creation of new high level languages
(BASIC, PASCAL).
4.Fourth generation
The microchip became widespread. This resulted in machines of smaller size and cost, increasingly powerful.
Personal computers were born, the first was the "APPLE I" developed in 1976. In 1981 the company IBM launched its PC with an open architecture that allowed the integration of components from other manufacturers.
Main characteristics
- The circuits are minimized.
- Greater storage capacity
- They reduce response time.
- Faster electronic memories
- Higher speed
- Database processing systems.
- Smaller size of the elements.
- It increases memory capacity.
- Multiprocessor (interconnected processors).
- Programming language: pro gol (programming logic) and lisp (list processing).
- Voice-activated machines that can respond to words spoken in different languages
and dialects. - Capacity of translation between languages
that will allow the instantaneous translation of spoken and written languages. - Processing characteristics similar to human processing sequences.
5.Fifth generation
The parallel use of several microprocessors was developed simultaneously, increasing the processing capacity.
It also improves the interaction with the machine through the graphical interface. the first virtual reality games and laptops appear.
The evolution of computers is revolutionized the world, as these provide us with various amounts of facilities. You can still develop computers even more, the only thing that is needed is to continue working on how to improve them in such a way that they are practically unbeatable.
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