Human rights violations are one of the things that need attention because they are very detrimental. Therefore, we need to understand about the concept of human rights violations because sometimes many people do not understand it and or even sometimes do not know that the actions committed have violated human rights. The following are some definitions of human rights violations and examples.
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Human Rights Violations According to Law No. 39 of 1999
In Law No. 39 of 1999 article 1 it has been stated that human rights violations constitute every act both individually and in groups of people, including intentional state apparatus or due to negligence against the law, obstructing, reducing, and or revoking individual or group human rights people who have been guaranteed in the law and are feared or do not get a fair and legal settlement according to the applicable legal mechanism
Meaning of Human Rights Violations
The broader meaning of human rights violations and review of Law No. 39 of 1999 is every act committed by a person or group that is intentional or not who has violated or revoked the human rights guaranteed in the Law. The main basis for identifying human rights violations using Mastricht Guidelines-3
Nature of Human Rights Violations
Human rights violations based on their nature are divided into 2 types, namely:
- gross human rights violations
This is a violation that can endanger or threaten a person's life such as slavery, murder, hostage taking, robbery, etc.
- Minor human rights violations
These human rights violations do not threaten the safety of other people's lives but are still categorized as dangerous for a long time and need to be addressed immediately. Examples of minor human rights violations are intentional environmental pollution, use of hazardous substances in intentional food
Kinds of Human Rights Violations
Actually the types of human rights violations are the same as the types mentioned above, namely gross and minor human rights violations. Humanitarian crimes and genocide crimes include gross human rights violations. Based on Law number 26 of 2000, genocide crimes are acts committed to destroy or destroy some or all racial, national, ethnic or religious groups
Humanitarian crime is one of the acts which includes a systematic or widespread attack that is known that the attack was aimed directly at civilians, including the destruction of independence, murder, or arbitrary deprivation of physical freedom which is not in accordance with the basic principles of international law including sexual slavery , rape, torture, forced prostitution, persecution, and the crime of apartheid
Examples of Human Rights Violations
In Indonesia, cases of human rights violations have occurred several times. The following are some examples of human rights violations that have occurred
New Order period
Under President Soeharto's administration for 32 years there have been thousands of human rights violations. Many political activists, journalists, opposition leaders, and figures who are seen as obstructing the government have received human rights violations such as torture, kidnapping and massacres
G30S / PKI
The case of the September 30, 1965 massacre was a controversial case. But still this violates the human rights of many people because many people have died miserably in this incident. Actually this was a coup d'etat followed by a massacreConflict in Maluku
Cases of violence and conflict that occurred in Maluku, especially in Ambon a few years ago. At that time, there were intruders who entered the border area and burned houses and murder. This actually happened because social communication in the community was not going well and there was a feeling of mutual suspicion which was eventually accompanied by third parties who wanted the conflict to continue