How does the ICO work now?
In a nutshell, during each window (24 hour period) a total of 2 million EOS tokens are distributed proportionally to those who send coins to the EOS contract address. For example:
If you send 0.5 ETH to the current EOS window, and no one has sent anything and no one else sends anything before it ends, you recieve 2 million EOS coins for that 0.5 ETH.
If you send 0.5 ETH and someone else sends 1.5 ETH, you will receive 1/4 of 2 million tokens (500,000) and they will recieve the other 1.5 million EOS tokens.
How do I get my tokens? When do I get my tokens?
You have to wait until the period is over, because it cannot determine how many coins you get until the window/day is over. See the above question. Once the period is over, you can click CLAIM EOS TOKENS or issue ClaimAll on the contract. You will need enough gas (ETH) to cover the basic transaction in your wallet address that participated. Once your tokens are claimed, you can transfer them.
If I sent EOS to the contract address, not using the EOS distribution app, have I lost my ETH/EOS?
No, it will count during the window you sent it. But as stated above, you will need to wait for that window to end, and then claim your tokens.
How is the price determined?
It is a free market. https://eos.io/distribution/ only shows you the effective price, based on how much ETH is contributed to the current window. When you contribute EOS to the current window, you are raising the effective price, as is anyone else who contributes after you before the window is over.
Why is the current price so cheap compared to the exchanges?
Usually because people are waiting to see what the effective price will be, and plan on contributing near the end of the window/day. Block.one has no control over the exchange pricing and Daniel has expressed the EOS team does not price manipulate.
How many times can I contribute to EOS ICO? Is there a limit?
There is currently no limit on how many times you participate in the ICO. You can contribute into the current day/period, or any other day/period as often as you like, but ETH transaction fees do apply.
I use coinbase/circle/GDAX/other exchange. How do I buy EOS?
Do NOT try to buy EOS directly from an exchange! Your ETH will most likely be lost forever. The EOS team will not be able to help you claim your EOS coins as the contract code prohibits them to. Always transfer to a real wallet (MetaMask/MyEtherWallet/Mist/Parity) before attempting to buy coins from the ICO. Read https://eos.io/instructions for more details. Alternatively you can transfer your coins to an exchange that lets you buy EOS tokens, like http://www.kraken.com or http://www.bitfinex.com.
I am experiencing problems using https://eos.io/distribution. There is some error.
Most likely a problem with your RPC server on Metamask. Instructions on how to fix this below:
https://eos.io/pdf/EOS_Custom_RPC_Instruction.pdf
Disclaimer: This post expresses my opinions and knowledge on EOS. I am not affiliated with Block.one.