Liver as the body's most important detoxification organs. Toxic substances produced by external or in vivo metabolism are processed to turn noxious substances into less toxic or more soluble substances as they are excreted by the bile or urine.
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Liver detoxification mainly in the following ways:
Chemistry: a reduction, oxidation, decomposition, combination and deammonification, etc., which is a very important way to combine.
When the poison and glucuronic acid, sulfuric acid, amino acids and other combinations will become harmless substances, excreted from the urine.
Ammonia ammonia detoxification and intestinal bacteria in the decomposition of nitrogenous substances produced by ammonia is a toxic metabolite, ammonia detoxification is mainly in the liver synthesis of urea, with the urine excreted. Blood ammonia levels increase when liver failure occurs.
Secretion: Some heavy metals, such as mercury, and some from the gut bacteria can be excreted through the bile excreted.
Accumulation: Some alkaloids, such as strychnine and morphine can accumulate in the liver, and then gradually release a small amount to reduce the degree of poisoning.
Phagocytic way: the hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells contain a large number of Kupffer cells, with strong phagocytic ability to swallow blood bacteria, foreign bodies, dyes and other particulate matter.
It is estimated that about 99% of the bacteria in the portal blood is swallowed as it passes through the hepatic venous sinus and therefore the importance of this filtration by the liver is quite obvious. Many hormones generally lose their activity in the liver after they have been treated in a manner similar to the one described above, such as steroids and vasopressin.
However, some patients with liver disease due to estrogen inactivation disorders accumulated in the body, may cause sexual changes.
Inactivation of aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone can cause sodium and water retention in the body. Liver detoxification is often affected by age, circadian rhythm, gender, hunger, nutritional status, pregnancy, endocrine and genetic factors.
For example, newborn babies are the most susceptible to chloramphenicolosis, one of the reasons is the development of the liver biotransformation enzyme system is not yet perfect; older people treat aminopyrine, phenylbutazone and other transformation ability is poor, so medication After the stronger efficacy, adverse reactions are relatively large.
The median half-life of aminopyrine in men is about 13.4 hours, compared with 10.3 hours for women, indicating that women are more able to convert aminopyrine.
Some exogenous substances (such as pesticides, poisons) or lipophilic drugs can significantly increase the drug synthesis in the liver, enabling the gradual increase in the metabolism of other drugs, known as the induction of enzyme.
At present, it is known that at least 200 kinds of drugs and chemical substances have enzyme-induced effects such as phenobarbital, rifampicin, spironolactone and the like. Induction of drug can sometimes cause drug-induced liver injury or chemical carcinogenesis.
Some drugs can be through the inhibition of drug enzymes, so that the delay in the metabolism of another drug to extend and strengthen the role of drugs, are known as the enzyme inhibition.
The specificity of microsomal enzymes is not high, but a variety of drugs can serve as the substrate of the same enzyme system, resulting in the competitive inhibition of various drugs on the drug enzyme, such as phenylbutazone can inhibit metobuterol Metabolism, and enhance its hypoglycemic effect.
Environmental pollution, as well as stimuli of various toxins, especially those caused by enterogenous endotoxins, often exacerbate the burden on the liver, resulting in chronic, severe, fibrotic, and cancerous conditions of various liver diseases.
Therefore, in the treatment of liver disease, pay attention to the decontamination of the body is very necessary for treatment.
Chronic active hepatitis, decompensated cirrhosis, liver cancer and other patients because of the body's immune dysfunction, and then lead to infection, aggravating the disease, and even become an important factor leading to death, some of them from the gastrointestinal tract infection rate To more than 60%.
Therefore, it is necessary to regularly remove some harmful bacteria and toxins in the intestine. Patients with liver disease should take long-term drugs that are effective in removing bacteria and toxins from the gastrointestinal tract, which are very beneficial for preventing complications, improving liver function, and improving survival and quality of life.