history of the story of aceh kingdom and short stories in aceh

ISLAMIC KITES IN ACEH
I. KINGDOM / POLY ACEH
The Acehnese historian, M. Junus Jamil, in his book entitled "Genealogy Tawarick Radja-Radja of Aceh Kingdom", contains the history of Pidie / Sjahir Poli. This kingdom is described as a vast lowland area with fertile soil, so the lives of its people prosper. The boundaries of this kingdom include, eastward with the Ocean / Pasai Kingdom, the west with the Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam, south to the mountains, and with the strait of Malacca to the north.
While in the story of the voyage of the Portuguese, They call Pidie as Pedir, While in the Chinese voyage story referred to as Poly. The assumption, the Chinese can not call the word "Pidie" as we say. In the records of the Chinese mourners it is mentioned that the Pedir Kingdom is about a hundred times two hundred miles, or about 50 days journey from east to west and 20 days traveling from north to south.
According to M. Junus Jamil, the tribe who inhabit this kingdom comes from Mon Khmer who came from Southeast Asia from Campa State. The tribe of Khmer Mon came to Poli several centuries BC. This group was led by Sjahir Pauling who became known as Sjahir Poli. They then mingle with the surrounding community who had previously inhabited the area.
After anchored and settled in the area (Pidie-red), Sjahir Poli established an empire called Sama Indra Kingdom. At that time they still adhered to Mahayana Buddhist or Himayana Buddhism. By M Junus Djamil is believed to be from this religion then enter Hindu influence.
Over time the Sama Indra Kingdom split into several small kingdoms. Like the breakup of Indra Purwa Kingdom (Lamuri) into Indrapuri Kingdom, Indrapatra, Indrapurwa and Indrajaya known as Panton Rie or Kantoli kingdom in Lhokseudu.

           At that time the Kingdom of Sama Indra became the rival Indrapurba Kingdom (Lamuri) in the west and the kingdom Plak Plieng (Kingdom of Panca Warna) in the east. Same Kingdom Indramengalami experienced shocks and heavy changes at the time,
               According to M Junus Djamil, in the mid-14th century the population of the SamaIndra Kingdom shifted from the old religion to Islam, after the kingdom was attacked by the Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam led by Sultan Mansyur Syah (1354-1408 AD). Furthermore, the influence of Islam brought by people from the Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam continues to erode the teachings of Hindus and Buddhists in the area.
             After the kingdom of Sama Indra succumbed to the Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam, the sultan of Aceh continued, Sultan Mahmud II Alaiddin Johan Sjah appoints King Husein Sjah to be the young sultan in the autonomous Sama Indra country under the Aceh Darussalam Kingdom. The Kingdom of Sama Indra was later renamed the Pedir Kingdom, which gradually changed into Pidie as it is known today.
            Although as an autonomous kingdom under the Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam, the role of the king of the country Pidie still be calculated. In fact, every decision of the House of Representatives of the Royal People's Assembly, the sultan did not give a seal of geulanteu (stamp of lightning) before obtaining approval from Rear Admiral Maharaja Pidie. Maha Raja Pidie and uleebalang shik in the Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam are entitled to regulate their territory according to the decision of the people's national hall respectively.
           While Prof. DG E Hall of England, in his book "A History of South East Asia", described Pidie as an advanced country by the end of the 15th century. It was based on a Portuguese visitor Ludovico in Varthema, who had stopped in Pidie at the end of the century 15.
            In Varthema's account, as quoted by Muhammad Said (Author of Aceh Books Throughout the Ages) in "The Face of Aceh in the Historical Path" in that century Pedir, still called Pedir country is a developed country that annually attends at least 18 to 20 foreign ships , to load the pepper which is then transported to China, China.

From the port Pedir also exported the incense and silk production of the Pidie community in large quantities. Therefore, many migrants from foreign nations who trade to the port of Pedir. This resulted in the economic growth of port residents when it increased.
Even vartheme describes, in a street near the port of Pedir, there are about 500 people foreign exchange. "So extensive was the trade, and so the number of merchants resorting there, that one of its street contains about 500 honderd moneychanger," said Varhtema. Varthema by Muhammad Said is mentioned just like Snouck Horgronje, which is Islam for a purpose of study of the Muslim world. Prior to Pedir, he had also studied Islam in Mecca. Something that Snouck Hourgronje also did from the Netherlands, but Snouck is more famous than Varthema, for having written a number of books on Aceh.
In his note
II. Kingdom of the Continent Tamiang

1. History
   The Sultanate of Benua Tamiang is the oldest Islamic empire in Aceh, Indonesia, after the Sultanate of Perlak. There is no definite data and source about when the entry of Islam, the process of development, until the formation of the Sultanate of Tuaang Benua that has been influenced by the political system based on Islam. The following will be explained in advance of the early formation of the Tamiang State as a forerunner to the establishment of the Sultanate of Benua Tamiang.

A. The Early Establishment of Tamiang
The evidence of Tamiang State is derived from historical data, such as in the Sriwijaya Inscription, Wee Pei Shih's book which records the Kan Pei Chiang Country (Tamiang), and Nagarakretagama's book which mentions "Tumihang", as well as cultural heritage objects found on the site Tamiang.
In the year 960, in the region of East Aceh has ruled a king in the Land of Tamiang named Tan Ganda. The country is based in Bandar Serangjaya. This city was once attacked by King Indra Cola I who caused King Tan Ganda died. Son of Tan Double King, Tan Full managed to escape from the attack. When the condition of Tamiang State was secure, he moved the central government to the hinterland, namely Bandar Bukit Karang, near Sungai Simpang Kanan. From the moment of the transfer, the Kingdom of Bukit Karang began with its kings as follows: Full Tan (1023-1044); Tan Kelat (1044-1088); Tan Indah (1088-1122); Tan Banda (1122-1150); and Tan Penok (1150-1190). Sepeninggalan Tan Penok, because he did not have a biological child, his adopted son Pucook Sulooh was appointed as king who succeeded him. From that time on, the Kingdom of Bukit Karang was controlled by the Sulooh Dynasty, with its rajas as follows: King Pucook Sulooh (1190-1256);
At the end of the reign of King Po Dinok (1330), a group of da'is sent by Sultan Ahmad Bahian Shah bin Muhammad Malikul Thahir (1326-1349) from Samudera Pasai arrived at Tamiang. The arrival of the da'i did not get a positive response by King Po Dinok. He attacked the group which caused him to die on the battlefield. Since then, Islam began to flourish in Tamiang.

B. The Period of the Benua Tamiang Sultanate
The process of Islamization in Tamiang was relatively short. After the entry of da'i entourage to Tamiang and perform religious dakwah, many people Tamiang who then embraced Islam. Based on the agreement between Sultan Ahmad Bahian Syah with the nobles and people of Tamiang who have embraced Islam, then appointed Sultan Muda Setia as Sultan I in Benua Tamiang Sultanate (1330-1352). Thus, this sultanate began to stand in 1330. The central government of this sultanate is located in the city of Kualasimpang.
At the end of the reign of Sultan Muda Setia (1352), the Benua Tamiang Sultanate was attacked by Majapahit Kingdom. Mangkubumi Muda Sedinu was able to overcome the attack, although the condition of the Sultanate of Benua Tamiang had ravaged. Above his ability, Mangkubumi Muda Sedinu is believed to replace the position of Sultan Muda Sedia in 1352, but not in his position as sultan, only as the sultan's steward. During the reign of Young Sedinu, the central government of the sultanate was moved to Pagar Alam (now located around Simpang Jenih area) for security and defense reasons. The Young Reign of Sedin ended in 1369.
The throne of the sultanate then moved to Sultan Po Malat as Sultan II (1369-1412). In its time, Majapahit attack still continues to cause the spread of Islam activities in the empire is not running properly. His successor, Sultan Po Tunggal or Sultan III (1412-1454) also can not do much. The only activities that can be undertaken by Sultan Po Tunggal are only to coordinate the new forces and to reorganize the government.
The new state can be re-established during the reign of Sultan Po Kandis or Sultan IV (1454-1490). At the time, the central government of the sultanate was moved from Pagar Alam to Kota Menanggini (now called Karang Baru). Islamic broadcasting activities can again be done at this time. Sultan Po Kandis prioritize the activities of Islamic education and fostering the arts of culture that breathe Islam as the main program of his government.
Sultan Po Kandis was replaced by his own son, Sultan Po Garang as Sultan V (1490-1528). Having no children, he was later succeeded by his son-in-law Po Kandis, Po ruling brother-in-law, who was named Pendekar Sri Mengkuta (1528-1558). The important event that occurred during the time of Sultan VI was the incorporation of Tamiang into part of the Sultanate of Aceh Darussalam during the time of Sultan Ali Mughayat Syah (1514-1530). At that time the Sultan Ali Mughayat Shah united the small kingdoms of Aceh in a solid federation, whose goal was as an important strategy to deal with the Portuguese attack. The reign of Sultan VI can be mentioned as the end of the Sultanate of Benua Tamiang.

1. The pedigree
   The order of the ruling sultans in the Sultanate of Benua Tamiang is as follows:

2. Sultan Muda Setia (1330-1352)

3. Mangkubumi Muda Sedinu (1352-1369)

4. Sultan Po Malat (1369-1412)

5. Sultan Po Kandis (1454-1490)

6. Sultan Po Garang (1490-1528)

7. The Swordsman of Sri Mengkuta (1528-1558)

8. The Period of Government
   The Benua Tamiang Sultanate can exist for two more centuries (1320-1558). During the long span of time, this sultanate has experienced tidal period. This sultanate has now entered into the system of modern day government, namely Aceh Tamiang District. The establishment of this district is based on Law no. 4 of 2002 dated April 10, 2002. On July 2, 2002, the regency officially became an autonomous district separated from the district of East Aceh.

9. Territory of Power
   The territory of the Sultanate of Benua Tamiang covers areas that are now included in the Aceh Tamiang district: Bendahara, Karangbaru, Kejuruan Muda, Kuala Simpang, Manyak Payed, Rantau, Seruway, and Tamiang Hulu.

10. Government Structure
    The Benua Tamiang Sultanate was ruled by a sultan. In his daily government activities he was assisted by a mangkubumi who was in charge of overseeing the government and fully responsible to the sultan. In the field of law, a great Qadhi is appointed to oversee the enforcement of the law, either by the government itself or by law enforcement agencies.
    At the local government level, the sultan is assisted by three leadership systems:

11. Great Datuks leading the regions of unity;

12. Datuk-Datuk Eight Tribes that lead areas of tribal ruins;

13. The Imam's kings who direct the priests in the regions and at the same time act as law enforcers in the regions.
    In the field of security and defense of the sultanate, also formed the people's army which is entirely the responsibility of a commander. This commander also oversees seven regional commanders, namely Panglima Birin, Panglima Gempal Alam, Panglima Nayan, Panglima Kuntum Menda, Panglima Ranggas, Penglima Megah Burai, and Panglima Nakuta Banding (especially for the sea). The lowest level of leadership in this kelaskaran is Pang in every village in the Sultanate of Benua Tamiang.

14. Socio-Cultural Life
    The following socio-cultural life data is data in the modern period, that is, during the Aceh Tamiang District. This regency is the only region in Aceh controlled by ethnic Malays. In addition to ethnic Malays, in this district also consists of ethnic Aceh, Gayo, Java, Karo, and so forth.
    The agricultural sector still plays an important role in the economy of the Tamiang community because the people in this district are mostly farmers. Around 29,201 farm households cultivate cultivation world, most of them are in Vocational High School (7.093 households). Commonly grown food crops are rice, palawija, vegetables, and fruits. While plantation crops are cultivated among them are rubber, palm oil, coffee, coconut, cocoa, and oranges. In recent years, the contribution of the agricultural sector to gross regional domestic product (GRDP) is 40 percent more, and the largest contribution is from food crops, which is about 20 percent.
    The area of Aceh Tamiang is flowed by two branches of the great river, the Tamiang River (which is divided into Simpang Kiri and Simpang Kanan Rivers) and the River / Krueng Kaloy. The existence of these rivers for the Tamiang community is very important because in addition can be used as watering food crops can also be used as a means of transportation, such as to transport agricultural production, plantation, or to transport materials consumption needs, trade and construction

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