There is no metadata on votes that would distinguish between a manual vote and an automated vote. There have been talks about adding metadata to votes (i.e. "app" flag) but no progress has been made on it and it won't be in the next hard fork.
That being said, as a large stakeholder, curating "manually" is a 4-12 hour/day job. It's hard to expect everyone is able to do such a thing.
RE: White papers or other documentation of existing curation-rewards schema for Hive and LEO?