New calculations on the expansion of the universe.

In recent years thanks to data from Hubble and other telescopes, astronomers have found another strange chapter in the "creation" story, and that is that there is a contradiction between "the average expansion rate of the local universe compared to independent observations". that were made from what we can observe right after the big bang.”

The expansion data is different, that is, the expansion has not always had the same rate of acceleration, this is a mystery, there is no explanation as to why the rate of expansion has increased over time, the data collected by the Hubble encompass a wide variety of cosmic objects that serve as distance markers support the idea, a growing idea, that something strange is happening and that it is possibly related to new physics that we do not yet know.

The markers, objects whose luminosity serves as a reference are called markers, it is like knowing the type of headlight of a car, the weaker we see the light of that headlight, we can deduce that the car is further away, in the cosmos there is no automobiles, well if there is the one that launched Elon Musk to Mars but it does not have its headlights on, what we do have are things like Cepheids, stars that light up and darken periodically and that are used to calculate distances within our galaxy and in galaxies nearby; But further away, other objects are sought, such as type IA supernovae, which produce the same luminosity in all cases, so the weaker we see them, it will mean that they are farther away.

With this reference, the expansion of the universe began to be measured, the Planck mission consisted of a space telescope of the European Space Agency, like the James Webb Planck worked at the lagrange point 2 one and a half million kilometers from the earth , although within the same terrestrial orbit, at that distance the interference generated by the earth or the moon is reduced and the telescope can work more calmly and also observe things as distant and faint as the cosmic microwave background, which is like the fossil remains of the early universe.

The microwave background is not the big-bang since it was formed about 380,000 years after the explosion, but it is the first light of the universe and it is as far as we can observe at the moment with our current technology, since Planck studied that relic in the background astronomers used their data to calculate a value for the Hubble constant of 67.5 kilometers x per second per megaparsec, with a margin of error of just plus or minus half a kilometer.

A megaparsec is equal to 3.26 million light-years and that is more than the distance that separates us from the neighboring Andromeda galaxy, which is two and a half million light-years away; In the last measurement published in May 2022, an immense job was done, doubling the data from the previous calculation and the result is that the expansion speed is 73 kilometers per second per megaparsec.

This shows that there is a disconnection between the expansion rate of the early universe and the expansion rate of the current universe, for some unknown reason the expansion of the universe is accelerating, at the moment it is speculated that the cause could be in the strange nature of the dark energy and we have a problem because that energy accounts for 68 percent of the entire universe, it is much greater than all the energy of all the stars, it is the main engine that directs the destiny of the cosmos, therefore, scientists affirm that these works place them at the gates of a "strange and new physics"

What will be the next step, we will be able to delve into the mystery of the laws that govern the energy of the universe that we do not know and even more exciting we would be able one day to be able to control it as we do with other energies that centuries ago seemed mysterious to our ancestors, control the dark energy What amazing doors could open for us.

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