ᴀᴘᴘʟɪᴄᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴏғ ᴋɴᴏᴡʟᴇᴅɢᴇ: ᴍᴇᴅɪᴏᴄʀɪᴛʏ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴘʀᴇsᴇɴᴛ ᴇʀᴀ.