The Johns Hopkins University Population Communication Services Contract (USAID)

The Johns Hopkins University Population Communication Services Contract (USAID)

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On August 21, 1986, the Office of Population of the U.S. Agency for International Development launched an incredible and precedent-setting new project. It was called "Population Communication Services," and funded under a five-year contract at the level of $30,000,000.00. This amount, it should be noted, covered only "central procurement" funds from the USAID headquarters in Washington. Additional, supplemental financing was paid into the project by USAID "mission" bureaus located in virtually every developing country with which the U.S. has diplomatic relations. Such "add-on" budgets probably constitute an amount equal to that of the original grant. In June of 1989, for instance, USAID/Egypt contributed almost $1.4 million in additional funds for special activities in that country over the next two years. Almost two million was added on by the USAID bureau in Ghana between 1987 and 1989. And slightly over $3.5 million was contributed by USAID in Bangladesh for in-country activities.

The "population communication" project was renewed with a second and larger contract in 1991. At that time, funding from Washington for five years of operation was increased to $60,000,000.00, while in-country budgets continued to
approximately double the value of the award.

It is useful to look at the actual working of the original cooperative agreement to understand the nature of the
"communication" campaign. The term "IEC" stands for "information, education and communication." Below are key sections of the work agreement:

Cooperative Agreement No. DPE-3004-A-00-6057-00
September 1, 1986 to Aug. 31, 1991.
Attachment 2 -- Program Description

1. Background....
....Accurate, high quality and culturally appropriate communications are needed to counter the false rumors and misinformation that harm program efforts. Carefully designed messages and creative techniques must be used to meet the special concerns and information needs of different audiences.

...PCS is administered through the Population Information Program in the School of Hygiene and Public Health. PCS has developed exceptional capability in family planning IEC, and is now the major source of continuing assistance in this area.

Objectives
The project addresses the critical need in nearly all developing countries to improve family planning information, education, and communication (IEC) activities in order to improve the effectiveness of family planning service programs. IEC efforts are especially important in influencing the transactions between clients and programs and in affecting the level of requests for services.... p. 2

Project Description and Workscope
....It is also appropriate on occasion to address other audiences such as opinion leaders, family planning service delivery personnel and other adults in the community. The choice of media channels and audiences to be addressed will depend on specific country needs and resources. Among the channels which may be found useful are: interpersonal (face-to-face approaches, seminars and folk entertainments, for example); and both conventional and innovative media ranging from print materials, radio/TV to audio and video cassettes....

PCS will continue to devote the major portion of its resources to Africa.... p. 3

Country projects
The principal purpose of country projects is to provide information for couples about where family planning services are available, the family planning methods offered and their advantages and disadvantages. Country projects may also include other activities such as media campaigns to inform the public, especially opinion leaders, about population problems and family planning programs. p. 7

Evaluation

Audience evaluation. This will be a continuing process, to determine whether messages are reaching the
right audiences and whether they are invoking the expected responses.

Process and output evaluation. All projects will be evaluated to determine whether the activities specified were carried out on schedule and what institution-building training or transfer of technology and experience occurred as a result. There will be full attention to distribution as well as production of materials -- whether print, film or broadcast.

In depth evaluation of specific media, such as print material for illiterates, or individual radio, television, film or musical productions. For example pictorial booklets for illiterates in nine different languages or sociocultural settings have been produced. Music rock videos have been developed for use in Latin American countries. Cross-national evaluation of these and other media examples will attempts to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of these IEC approaches.

Impact evaluation. Among carefully selected targets, PCS may support impact evaluation of changes in family planning knowledge, attitude and behavior. This can be accomplished only where there is a significant and sustained IEC effort, as in certain parts of Nigeria...p. 8

Workshops and Meetings
... In all instances where it is practical, information specialists such as broadcasters, journalists and advertising agencies will be brought into direct contact with family planning specialists to encourage productive use of mass media to achieve national family planning goals.

In other words, the activity is aimed at stimulating the use of family planning by "affecting the level of requests for services" at clinics. Moreover, careful testing is required in order to "determine whether messages are reaching the right audiences and whether they are invoking the expected responses." Among "carefully selected targets," the Johns Hopkins propaganda team is authorized to conduct test to evaluate "changes in family planning knowledge, attitude and behavior." Ultimately, says the text, this is expected to be particularly effective in certain countries -- such as Nigeria -- which are subjected to what the contract calls "a significant and sustained IEC effort." The "add-on" contracts financed through U.S. government missions overseas can be even more blunt about the tactics pursued under the population communication project.

A 1990 work statement covering a separate in-country award for project activities in Pakistan lists several rather
astonishing program goals. Among them:

• To replace pro-fertility norms with a small family norm on a large scale;
• To dispel mistaken ideas that large families are necessary economic assets and a source of strength;
• To remove misgivings about the program and its services;
• To minimize the gap between knowledge and practice...

In other words, the overwhelmingly Muslim population of Pakistan has exhibited "misgivings" about the country's donor-imposed population program, and the contractor is therefore assigned to the task of replacing "pro-fertility" attitudes with small-family preferences "on a large scale." At the same time, the university is obligated to "minimize the gap" that exists where there is an awareness of family planning methods but a lack of willingness to use them. And finally, the 1990 contract for Pakistan seeks to "dispel mistaken ideas" about fertility. One more objective on the list is worth mentioning separately because of its implications. In the words of the work statement, the population communication project is also authorized to "highlight the disparity between population and available resources." In other words, poverty (and by extension the withholding of foreign economic assistance) is to be used as a weapon to browbeat people into reducing their fertility.

It is ironic -- but almost surely no coincidence -- that the Johns Hopkins University receives more contract money from both USAID and the U.S. military than any other academic institution in the United States. Indeed, the university specializes in "social science" research for military applications, and was central to the development of the U.S. Army's psychological warfare program during the 1940s and 1950s. In fact, Johns Hopkins prepared several teaching manuals on the subject of psy-war which were used by the Army for teaching personnel involves in psychological operations. And it is again hardly coincidental that the tactics used for such communications campaigns appear to come right out of the old Army publications written at Johns Hopkins. One, a giant publication almost a thousand pages in length which bears the title "A Psychological Warfare Casebook," includes chapters with such telling titles as:

• Intelligence for Psychological Warfare Output;
• Sources and Methods of Psychological Warfare Intelligence;
• The Creed of a Modern Propagandist;
• Coordinating Psychological Warfare Output to Future Events;
• The Intensive Interview as a Means of Highlighting Target Vulnerabilities;
• Superstitions, Rumors, and Incitement of Panic;
• Black Propaganda: Its Techniques and Requirements;
• Assessing Impact on Audiences;
• Pretesting Films in World War II;
• Language Panels for Estimating Effectiveness;
• Contributions of Opinion Research to Evaluation of Psychological Warfare; and
• Music -- A Medium for Psychological Warfare

But even the special project in Pakistan pales in comparison to the "significant and sustained" propaganda operation
undertaken in 1988 in Nigeria. That program, which literally takes its outline from the hold Army psychological operations book, was launched under a 15 March 1988 agreement between the Regional Economic Development Support Office for West Africa (REDSO) and Johns Hopkins worth no less than $15 million.

In this case more than any other, the communications offensive clearly reaches saturation levels, involving no less than 12,000 personnel, virtually all of the nation's mass media outlets, the public schools, social organizations, popular movies and the cinema, and public and private sector leaders. Religious leaders are to be recruited to make "public service"messages, traditional forms of communication are to be adapted to the propaganda campaign, and special seminars and study courses are planned for the news media.

Moreover, the actions taken under the Nigeria work plan involve the infiltration of existing forms of commercial entertainment. Says one stipulation contained in the written project authorization, Johns Hopkins is responsible for "integrating family planning messages into existing popular radio and television series," including such things as "variety shows and soap operas," as well as "newspaper and magazine sections." Another part of the grant agreement states that a "music project" is to be accomplished "to the end that popular songs containing family planning themes are composed and recorded by popular local musicians, and distributed and aired."

The involvement of the United States government in all of this, quite naturally, is to be concealed by ensuring that the messages are attributed to "familiar" and "credible" persons. Like the "black propaganda" operations described in the Johns Hopkins-U.S. Army psychological warfare instruction book, this use of "proxy" communicators is a particularly useful means by which to decieve an audience about the nature, purpose, and origin of the ideology promoted under the program. Says the USAID project document: "The contractor will optimize the influence of its family planning messages by taking all necessary and appropriate actions to assure these messages are clear, focused, consistent, reinforcing, and culturally appropriate, and that they are frequently and conspicuously disseminated and distributed by familiar, credible, and multiple channels of communication." Ultimately, the bulk of the Nigeria population communications project work statement must be read to be fully appreciated. To follow are the major sections of that document. Except for noted deletions of technical provisions and repetitive information, the document is reproduced here exactly as written:

Contract 620-0001-C-8013-00
Registration/Purchase Request/Project No. 620-462-3-70001
Effective Date March 15, 1988
Regional Office of Procurement, REDSO/WCA
c/o American Embassy, 01 B.P. 1712, Abidjan 01, Cote d'Ivoire
and
Johns Hopkins University
Population Communication Services
524 North Broad Street, Baltimore, MD 21205
Accounting and appropriation data: 72-1171021 K720001; BPC:GDPA-87-21620-KG12
Estimated total cost this contract $14,998,497

Section C STATEMENT OF WORK

1. BACKGROUND

....
By December 21, 1992, after five years of project implementation, it is expected that there will be a broad political and social constituency supportive of family planning policies and programs, that there will be significant attitudinal changes favoring smaller family norms, and that 80 percent of the population aged 15-44 will be aware of modern contraception and its benefits, and that family planning information and services will be widely available at reasonable cost through both the private and public sectors. This will result in an increase in the nationwide contraceptive prevalence rate from the 1987-estimated figure of between 4 and 5 percent to 12 percent, or approximately 2.5 million users.
...
Sustainability of family planning awareness and acceptance, growth of the nationwide contraceptive prevalence rate, and continued integration of family planning into primary health care services reasonably can be expected as a result of this project's extensive training effort. More than 12,000 individuals in both the private and public sectors will be trained, including: public sector administrative, clinical and educational personnel in planning, implementing, and evaluating clinic-based family planning services; private and public physicians, nurses and midwives in providing information as well as clinical and non- clinical methods; pharmaceutical personnel and private sector vendors in providing basic contraceptive information and products; community, social and religious leaders in the promotion of small family norms and of modern contraceptive method use; and, teacher-college and urban secondary school instructors in the integration of family life education into their current curricula.

The above-summarized end-of-project status indicators will be achieved by undertaking activities pursuant to four mutually supportive, interdependent components, which will be carefully coordinated to facilitate their complementarity and the timely achievement of the project purpose. These four components are:

Private Sector Service Delivery -- this component will develop, refine, implement and expand large-scale private sector networks which provide family planning and other basic services through a variety of commercial, workplace, and community outlets, and through private maternity homes and medical facilities;
Public Sector Service Delivery -- this component will strengthen management systems and service delivery capacity to provide clinic-based family planning services in all levels of government facilities, from large teaching hospitals to basic village dispensaries, with initial programming in capital cities and other model local government authority (LGAs);
Information, Education, and Communication (IEC) -- this component will develop and implement mass media campaigns and other promotional efforts (including associated information and promotional materials) to enhance the acceptability of smaller family norms and of family planning, and to provide information on available family planning options and services; and,
Policy Implementation -- this component will strengthen an already-begun indigenous planning process for implementation of the National Population Policy, with the objective of launching and supporting an effective, self-sustaining National Family Planning Program from the national through the LGA level. The above-mentioned four components will be implemented by four contractors, each with the specialized technical expertise required for realizing the objectives of the component for which it is responsible.
...

2. OBJECTIVES

This Statement of Work sets forth the objectives to be realized and the activities to be undertaken by the contractor responsible for implementing this component. Realization of objectives particular to this component are essential to the achievement of the project purpose. The contractor's primary objectives in implementing this component are:

A. To effect the preparation, approval, and execution of national, state and LGA IEC action programs which incorporate a broad range of mass media activities, mobilization campaigns, family life education-related efforts, training, and printed material design, preparation, and dissemination:

• one at the national level;
• one for each state and one for the Federal Capital Territory; and,
• one for at least one priority LGA in each state;

B. To be materially instrumental in bringing about a situation in which 80 percent of the eligible population aged 15-45 are knowledgeable about family planning concepts; and,

C. To develop and distribute wall charts, posters, picture books, and promotional displays on the benefits of child spacing and modern methods of contraception to at least 12,000 private sector outlets and 3,600 public sector delivery points.

3. ACTIVITIES AND OPERATIONS REQUIRED TO REALIZE OBJECTIVES

A. Summary - To realize these three objectives the contractor shall, over the life of the project, undertake activities and operations in the following areas:
(1) IEC leadership and expertise for other project-financed contractors'
(2) mass media;
(3) family planning promotion to opinion leaders (e.g. influential groups and persons, elders, and the like);
(4) private and public clinic-based and outreach activities including at least: development and dissemination of printed materials; procurement, deployment, and use of audio-visual materials and equipment; and
(5) diversified IEC training.

B. IEC Leadership and Expertise - The contractor will provide overall IEC leadership and direction and will provide extensive technical expertise for the other three contractors charged with implementing the other three project components. The contractor will conduct IEC activities to complement the efforts of these contractors. Therefore, the contractor must collaborate closely with the senior representative of each of these contractors to assure that IEC activities are planned and coordinated with, and are complementary to the other three contractors' activities and that IEC activities are synchronized with these contractors' activities and executed in a timely fashion. To facilitate joint planning and coordination, the IEC contractor will involve the other three contractors in the planning of its IEC Annual Work Plan.

C. Mass Media-Related Activities - The contractor will facilitate design of a national family planning logo, will produce at least 3,000 television, radio, film, and folk media programs and spots, and newspaper and magazine inserts in at least five languages, and will effect their dissemination and use by Nigeria's 22 television and 35 radio stations, by its 19 daily and 18 weekly newspapers, and by its 9 major nationwide magazines. Notwithstanding the language in the clause of this contract entitled "Rights in Data and Publication," Section H.5.I., nationally and internationally recognized entertainers, artists, and their agents may follow customary industry practices with regard to copyright of data produced under this contract; provided that such entertainer, artists, and their agents grant the U.S. Government a royalty-free license as provided in Section H.5.I.

At a minimum, the contractor's mass-media related activities will include:

• organizing, widely publicizing, and carrying out a national contest for design of a national family planning logo to be printed on posters, decals , banners, displays and contraceptive sales outlets ( a combined total of at least 15,000 outlets), and assuring the logo's intended publication, dissemination, distribution, and display.

• undertaking a music project nationally and by region to the end that popular songs containing family planning themes are composed and recorded by popular local musicians, and distributed and aired.

• exploiting fully traditional media, such as town criers, talking drums, dances, songs, drama troupes, and puppet shows;

• integrating family planning messages into existing popular radio and television series (variety shows and soap operas), and into newspaper and magazine sections;

• developing interactive traditional media with family planning and health themes;

• recording traditional media with family planning messages in modern media for broadcasting;

• developing and producing 5-minute television and radio fillers with family planning messages, including recorded testimonials from traditional and religious leaders;

• developing and producing television and radio specials and serials;

• developing and producing television and radio spots, jingles, and newspaper ads;

• organizing workshops for media practitioners (such as producers and managers of television and radio, and editors and journalists of newspapers and magazines);

• providing observation study tours for selected media practitioners;

• providing observation study tours for selected media practitioners;

• providing limited radio recording and editing equipment to selected radio stations on a pilot basis;

• providing video equipment to selected MOI offices on a pilot basis so that they can, with the contractor's assistance, develop and produce motivational and technical video programs for broadcast, or for transfer onto 16 mm film to be shown through mobile vans; and,

• promoting the national family planning logo whenever possible.

The contractor's undertaking of the above-mentioned activities, as a whole, will reflect use of at least the following three methodological approaches:

• a centralized generic and centralized "brand-specific" campaign to support public and private sector service programs. This approach will entail informing viewers, listeners, and readers (in five or more languages) that family planning information and services are available in outlets identified by a prominently displayed national logo and assuring that mass media and point-of-purchase messages and images are consistent and mutually reinforcing.
• development of state-level public sector IEC capabilities, which, among other things, will permit ownership of programs and products at the state level with ultimate development of IEC capability at the LGA level, placement of messages uniquely appealing to a given state(s), and interstate exchange of IEC materials on a regional level on the basis of "competitive advantage" to achieve economies of scale.
• mass media support for policy implementation, entailing transformation of the RAPID computer presentation into easily understood formats, use of media coverage of family planning events, and special broadcasts on population issues to enlighten decision-makers.

D. Family Planning Promotion to Opinion Leaders - Coordinating closely with the contractors implementing the other three components, the contractor will organize at least 40 family planning orientation symposia and campaigns, and will prepare group-specific IEC packages for selected opinion leaders and influential groups.

Inter alia, these activities will include:

• organizing symposia and meetings for traditional and religious leaders at the national, regional, state and LGA levels;
• organizing orientation workshops and initiating activities with organizations having potential outreach roles among their vast networks, affiliates, or branches (e.g., Union of Transport Workers, National Council of Women's Societies, Association of Wives of Military Officers);
• assisting the National Council on Population Activities, the Planned Parenthood Federation of Nigeria and other such organizations in developing IEC packages for their constituency- building activities addressed to influential groups, professional associations, and opinion leaders;
• providing special motivation sessions for elders who could, in turn, influence younger generations; and,
• publishing special materials addressed to specific groups (e.g. Islam and family planning, cost- effectiveness of family planning/IEC activities in industries).

E. Private and Public Clinic-Based and Outreach Activities - this category of the contractor's required activities includes preparation and distribution of printed matter, and provision of audio-visual materials and equipment to support private and public IEC efforts.

(1) Printed matter - The contractor will produce and make available at least six million copies of assorted printed promotional and educational materials for use by public and private sector family planning service and sales outlets and by outreach personnel. Illustrative of these materials are logo signs and stickers to indicate locations of services, reference cards for service providers to use in explaining the benefits, risks and application of modern contraceptive methods, and coordinated wall charts depicting traditional and modern methods of contraception. The contractor will emphasize the design of printed materials relying heavily on communication by pictures to reach non-literate and slightly literate audiences.

(2) Audio-Visual Materials and Equipment - ....

F. Specialized IEC Training - The contractor will undertake at least the following training activities:

1. Specialized IEC Workshops - The contractor will conduct at least 20 specialized IEC workshops for appropriate target groups in at least the following subjects: audience research; community analysis; message development; creative ways for playwriters, and for television and radio scriptwriters, to incorporate family planning messages into traditional and broadcast programs; low- cost audio-visual material production for service providers; illustrative and low-cost printing techniques for artists involved in print material production; and, video and radio pre- and post-production techniques for developing higher quality and more creative programs.

2. Overseas Training - The contractor will provide short term IEC training in the United States for a limited number of local staff. Participant selection will be based on a determination that a significant increase in IEC products or programs can be anticipated from the overseas training investment.

3. Counseling Methodology and Motivational Skills Training - The contractor will provide training in counseling methodology and motivational skills to all trainers (mostly health workers) who teach family planning at regional or state training institutions. Contractor-sponsored training will be undertaken as part of the on-going training of trainers. The contractor will assist the other component contractors in developing IEC curricula as needed.

4. Mobilization Techniques and Materials Development Training - The contractor will conduct workshops
   for selected state and local government workers already involved in social mobilization and promotional materials development. Part of these government workers' jobs entails organizing orientation symposia and public campaigns, the purpose of which is to increase the awareness of local leaders and community groups in the importance and availability of family planning.

5. Family Life Education Training - Utilizing the special relationship previously developed by the Center for Development and Population Activities (CEDPA) with State Ministries of Education (MOE's), the contractor will conduct a series of workshops in at least 15 states for a minimum of 200 urban secondary and post-secondary school teachers. The workshops will focus on creative implementation of secondary and post-secondary school, FMG-approved, family life education curricula ..... ...the contractor will introduce a total of at least 30,000 copies of at least five types of contractor- prepared, Nigeria-specific teacher and student printed materials and also will introduce audio-visual materials it has prepared on this subject.
   In addition the contractor will conduct family life education contests and debates, and develop, conduct, and broadcast a national population quiz show eliciting competition form at least 300 secondary schools throughout Nigeria.

6. IEC Training for Private and Public Sector Personnel - In conjunction with the contractors implementing the Private Sector Service Delivery Component and the Public Sector Service Delivery Component, the contractor will integrate IEC subjects into the training conducted pursuant to the other two components, reaching at least 10,000 service delivery, sales, and motivational personnel. Specifically, the contractor will provide technical assistance, develop appropriate curricula, develop training materials, and provide IEC specialist trainers when required.

4. GUIDING PROCEDURES AND PRINCIPLES FOR MESSAGE CONCEPTUALIZATION, DESIGN, USE AND DISSEMINATION

In undertaking the above-described activities and operations, the contractor will follow the procedures and adhere to the guidelines set forth in this section to assure the use of only high quality, appropriate messages in a variety of creative ways for optimal IEC impact to increase popular awareness, support, acceptance, and adoption of modern family planning practices.

A. Practical Audience Research

1. Market Research - The contractor implementing the Private Sector Service Delivery Component of this project will undertake market research for use by the contractor to which this Statement of Work pertains (IEC Contractor) in its development of advertising campaign messages, especially those aimed at the buying client. The results of this research will be appropriately utilized by the IEC contractor.

2. Anthropological Research - Before project month nine, the contractor will undertake "rapid anthropological research" (e.g., mini-studies combined with focus groups discussions) involving the major Nigerian ethnic groups in the four major health zones for use in producing regionally-distributed materials.

3. Research of Other Implementing Contractors - The contractor will participate in and monitor relevant research activities conducted pursuant to the other three components to obtain the feedback necessary for effective IEC programming, including, but not limited to, conceiving and channeling strategies, developing messages, designing materials, and establishing evaluation benchmark data.

   B. Audience Identification, Message Design, and Media Selection - The contractor will identify and segregate audiences by age, sex, ethnic group, religion, residence (urban-rural), literacy, and language, determine the media and the messages optimally appropriate for each audience, and employ media and messages based on this determination.
   C. Message Use and Dissemination - The contractor will optimize the influence of its family planning
   messages by taking all necessary and appropriate actions to assure these messages are clear, focused, consistent, reinforcing, and culturally appropriate, and that they are frequently and conspicuously disseminated and distributed by familiar, credible, and multiple channels of communication.

5. SUSTAINABILITY

To facilitate the sustainability of the above-described IEC activities, operations, and products, the development, production, dissemination, and distribution of which characteristically incur substantial costs, the contractor will undertake cost-recovery experiments, including, but not limited to:

• production of high quality "enterteach" radio and television specials and selling them to
  commercial sponsors;

• producing high quality recorded music tapes with educational messages and selling them in the commercial market;

• selling wall charts, user booklets, reference materials, and posters to private sector health service providers;

• exploring possibilities with advertising agencies in combining "brand" specific materials with other appropriate products to share production and advertising costs; and,

• exploring the possibility of buying radio and television block time and seeking several sponsorships for commercially viable family planning programs aired at that time.

The contractor will undertake the most promising of the cost- recovery experiments on a pilot basis and set up clear financial accountability to assure that funds generated are accounted for and returned to cognizant family planning programs.

6. COORDINATION

(maintaining contact and coordination with other contractors under the project, FMG, AAO/Lagos, REDSO/WCA, AID/W and other donors)

7. SUBCONTRACTING

The contractor may subcontract any part of this Statement of Work, provided that subcontracts exceeding $100,000 are approved in writing by the Contracting Officer, REDSO.WCA, with the technical concurrence of the A.I.D. Affairs Officer, Lagos; and that all subcontracts under $100,000 are approved in writing by the A.I.D. Affairs Officer, Lagos.

However, the contractor, as the prime contractor for this component, will be responsible for the management and timely execution of activities of the contract to which this Statement of Work pertains. The prime contractor will define all its subcontractors' activities, and determine their respective deliverables and due dates.

8. PROJECT MANAGEMENT

..... The Project Administrator will be responsible for the planning, administration, monitoring, and coordination of all project activities. The Administrator will be guided by a Project Management Committee, which will convene at least quarterly. .... (Project Management committee to consist of one representative each from I.I.A. and the FMOH... Committee to monitor logistics, review commodities distribution, etc.; hiring of representatives)...

B. Technical and Substantive Management: Work Plan and Implementation Plan System - Each year, at least one month before the annual planning meeting convened by the Project Management Committee, the contractor with its assigned FMG Project Manager will draft an Annual Work Plan which sets forth in detail and in chronological order the activities and operations it will undertake during the subsequent 12 months, and which is accompanied by a detailed budget projection. These Annual Work Plans must demonstrate that the proposed activities for the year in question:

• when combined with activities which have been undertaken in prior years and which will be undertaken in future years, will result in the contractor's completing all activities and operations for which it is responsible by the end of the project in a reasoned, prudently paced manner without activity "bunching" or "slack"; and,

• are clearly coordinated with the proposed activities of all participants involved in project implementation (enumerated in Section 6 of this Statement of Work) so as to assure complementarity and mutual enhancement of participants' efforts and achievement of the project purpose by the project assistance completion date.

• describes the logistical support requirements which will be required to carry out the Annual Work Plan.

  .....
  The Project Administrator will draft an Annual Implementation Plan on the basis of the four Committee-approved Component Annual Work Plans. ....

  The Annual Implementation Plan will be project-wide in scope, covering all four components and addressing administrative and logistics matters as necessary. This Plan will set forth project output targets for any given year and be used in tracking implementation progress toward purpose achievement, and in identifying successes and problem areas.

  C. Administrative and Logistics Management - ..... (office space, support equipment and staff, etc.; monitoring of contraceptive flow, transportation, business communications, telephone, telex, etc., travel, etc.)

9. RELATIONSHIPS AND RESPONSIBILITIES

The contractor will report and be directly responsible to the project-funded Project Administrator who will report to the U.S. Direct Hire Health and Population Development Officer who, in turn, is under the supervision of the A.I.D. Affairs Officer, Lagos......

10. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS

The contractor must submit all reports to the Project Administrator who, in turn, will submit them to the AAO/Lagos, the FMG Project Director, the Project Management Committee, and the Contracting Officer, REDSO/WCA. The contractor must submit five copies of each report, which must be typed, and in English.

A. Scheduled Reports - The contractor will be responsible for submitting the following reports, timed
as prescribed herein:

1. Quarterly Financial Reports - ....(first due July 31, 1988).

2. Quarterly Performance Reports - (due 30 days after the close of quarterly reporting period, first of which ends June 30, 1988). ... These performance reports will summarize progress achieved during the
   current quarter towards meeting Annual Work Plan objectives and targets, problems and constraints
   impeding progress, actions planned during the upcoming quarter, and corrective measures taken or to be taken. ... (summarize achievements....

3. Annual Training Report - ....as part of fourth quarterly performance report, and will list each individual trained under the auspices of the contract by name, state of origin, course attended, and dates of training.

4. Annual Equipment Distribution Report - (also as part of fourth quarterly performance report) will include a list of audio-visual or other equipment items distributed by location and by quantity. ..

B. Special Reports - The contractor also will submit to A.I.D., through the Project Administrator, the following reports:

1. Trip reports - Trip reports - Trip reports are to be submitted within fifteen (15) days after each trip or site visit to Nigeria or within Nigeria, and must include the purpose of the visit, observations, conclusions, and recommendations. Trip reports must also include a list of key contacts. Site visitors may be requested by the AAO/Lagos to provide a verbal briefing and debriefing on trip activities.

2. Audience Research Reports - Audience Research Reports are to be submitted within forty-five (45) days after the completion of the field work, and must include a description of the survey methodology, comprehensive findings and conclusions, appropriate supporting statistical tables, and annotated recommendations for future actions.

3. Conference, Seminar, and Workshop Reports - These reports, to be submitted within one (1) month after the conference, seminar or workshop, must include a copy of the final agenda, a list of participants, a summary of discussion items, and final conclusions and recommendations.

4. (4) Special Study Reports - If, in the future, any of the contractor's activities result in a study report, the contractor must submit preliminary and final versions of the study report in a timely fashion. Specific reporting requirements will be determined at the annual work planning meetings.

   Upon request, the contractor will be required to submit to the AAO/Lagos, through the Project Administrator, copies of audience research findings, case studies, training curricula and materials, IEC state and LGA action plans, copies of posters, booklets, advertisements or other IEC printed materials, and other items the I.I.D. Affairs Officer deems appropriate for submission.

   End of Section C

SECTION D

......
This contract will be effective 15 March 1988. The estimated completion date is 31 December 1992....
....
This is a cost reimbursement services contract.
PIO/T :620-0462-3-70001
Proj. no. :698-0462.20
Appropr'tn :72-1171021 K7200001
Allotment :GDPA-87-21620-KG12
Total Obl. amt. :$6,530,090
Total Est. Cost: $14,998,497
Letter of Credit no 72001325