Dear Steemian World.
The paradigm shift of learning from the old paradigm to the new learning paradigm makes the transformation of learning happen. In the 21st century this learning paradigm has changed where previously teacher-centered learning became student-centered learning. In this case the teacher is no longer the only source of learning, the role of teachers in this century more / shifted towards the facilitator or just as a person who facilitates learning.
In this paradigm the media / learning resources are not only teachers. Teachers only serve as steering learning process. Students are required to take advantage of their own learning media around them to obtain information. The number of learning media that they can use one of them information technology. Information technology is the source / learning media that is demanded in 21st century learning.
Information technology that is intended to be Internet. Internet is a media / learning resources that become a trend at this time. The Internet is the first global forum and the first global library where every user can participate in all the time. Because the Internet is a global library, users can use it as a learning resource. Teaching materials are often also called Internet-based learning materials or online teaching materials / e-learning. There are three main characteristics that constitute the great potential of web-based instructional materials, namely: (1) presenting multimedia, (2) storing, processing, and presenting information, and (3) hyperlinks.
The use of the Internet is a network that is connected to the whole world is very useful to be a media to publish an information. Thus it is possible that the Internet becomes a learning resource and a learning medium that runs on the WEB or in the WWW (World Wide Web) application where the web is the largest collection of documentation stored in various servers connected to a network. This document was developed in hypertext format using Hypertex Markup Language (HTML). On the basis of the above web-based learning is a very useful model for learning. Internet-based learning is the process of teaching and learning is done by utilizing the Internet network, so often referred to as e-learning. With internet-based learning (e-learning) is expected to be able to help teachers and learners to achieve maximum learning.
The development of e-learning based learning needs to be carefully designed according to the desired goals. If we agree that e-learning in it also includes Internet-based learning, then the opinion of Haughey (in H, Nurhikmah) needs to be considered in the development of e-learning. According to him there are three possibilities in the development of internet-based learning system, namely web course, web centric course, and web enhanced course ". Web course is the use of the Internet for educational purposes, where students and lecturers are completely separate and not required face-to-face. All teaching materials, discussions, consultations, assignments, exercises, exams, and other learning activities are fully submitted via the internet. In other words this model uses a remote system. Web centric course is the use of the Internet that combines distance learning and face-to-face (conventional). Some of the material is delivered over the internet, and partly through face-to-face. Its function is complementary. In this model, the lecturer can give instruction to the students to understand the lecture material through the web that has been made. Students are also given direction to search for other sources of relevant websites. In the face to face, students and lecturers more discussion about the findings of material that has been understood through the internet. Web enhanced course is the use of the Internet to support the improvement of the quality of learning conducted in the classroom. The function of the internet is to provide enrichment and communication between students with lecturers, fellow students, group members, or students with other resource persons. Therefore the role of lecturers in this case is required to master the technique of finding information on the internet, guiding students to find and find sites that are relevant to the lectures, presenting material through the web interesting and desirable, serving guidance and communication via the Internet, and other skills required.
Stage analysis includes problem analysis and analysis of learning components. The design stage includes learning design and software design. The development stage is to assemble the various components of instructional design and software into a web-based learning program. Implementation stage consists of a temporary implementation and full implementation. While the evaluation stage is differentiated into formative evaluation and summative evaluation. The development of learning design for web based learning is designed in such a way that the online learning process can run effectively. There are three basic elements that must exist in the design of web-based learning model, namely learning tasks, learning resources, and learning supports. Learning tasks include activities, problems, and interactions to engage learners. Learning resources contain content, information and resources accessible to learners. Learning supports related to instructional guidance, motivation, feedback, and ease of access for learners. The development of web-based learning model needs to consider the components of learning strategies. The main components of the learning strategy to be designed are: early learning activities, presentation of materials, learners' participation, assessment, and follow-up activities (Walter Dick in Riska: 8). Initial activity of learning in the form of motivation, cultivate attention, explain the purpose of learning, and explain the necessary initial skills. The presentation of the material includes teaching materials and relevant examples. Participation of learners is built with practice or practice and feedback. Assessment can be an initial, pretest, and posttest test. Follow-up activities are carried out to help maintain the memory of the learning materials.
REFERENCE
- http://delsajoesafira.blogspot.com/2010/05/definisi-pembelajaran.html
- http://www.bpkpenabur.or.id/files/Hal.%202037%20Pengembangan%20Model%20PembelajaranR.pdf
