The spine of the computer is the motherboard, otherwise known as the system board and
mainboard. This is the printed circuit board (PCB)—a conductive series of pathways laminated
to a nonconductive substrate that lines the bottom of the computer and is often of a
uniform color, such as olive, brown, or blue. It is the most important component in the computer
because it connects all the other components together.
Components of Motherboards:
1) ATX (Advanced Technology Extended)
The Advanced Technology Extended (ATX) motherboard was developed by Intel in the mid-
1990s to improve upon the classic AT-style motherboard architecture that had ruled the PC
world for many years. The ATX motherboard has the processor and memory slots at right
angles to the expansion cards
Standard ATX motherboards measure 12g n 9.6g (305 n 244 mm).
2) Micro ATX:
One form factor that is designed to work in standard ATX cases, as well as its own
smaller cases, is known as micro ATX.
Micro ATX motherboards share their width, mounting hole pattern, and rear interface
pattern with ATX
3) ITX:
The ITX line of motherboard form factors was developed by VIA as a low-power, small
form factor (SFF) board for specialty uses, such as home-theater systems and as embedded
components.
Motherboards Components:
Chipsets
■■ Expansion slots and buses
■■ Memory slots and external cache
■■ CPUs and their sockets
■■ Power connectors
■■ Onboard disk drive connectors
■■ Keyboard connectors
■■ Integrated peripheral ports and headers
■■ BIOS/firmware
■■ CMOS battery
■■ Jumpers and DIP switches
■■ Front-panel connectors
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