Shortage of fresh Ground water affects every continent and around 2.8 billion people around the world at least one month out of every year. More than 1.2 billion people lack fresh Ground water through out world.
Source Of ground water contamination.
Cause Of Water Scarcity:
- overpopulation will increase Consumption of water more and more.
- Massive industrialization contaminate water resources like rivers, damand even seawater also Polluted.
- Climate change reduces rainful and there fore reduce the layer of under ground water.
- Now due to cope with world population Agriculture is increased and need of water also increase massively. This Reduced ground water level allover the world
There are two fundamental categories of groundwater protection:
Keeping it safe from contamination
Using it wisely by not wasting it.
Monioring Orgation for Ground water protection: This organizations
Should check properly Improper storage or disposal of hazardous substances
2)Improper use of fertilizers, animal manures, herbicides, insecticides, and pesticides
Chemical spills.
Conclusions:To deal with the shortages of water resources, it is crucial to raise awareness of the people to protect water resources from pollution. What is more, the issue of erecting more dams plays an important role in improving the current scenario because dams will detain the surface of rainwater flowing from the mountains and prevent rainwater straight into the sea. Strict national policies should be adopted to punish those who contaminate water resources to be an effective way to reduce water pollution.
Water Management System:
Irrigation Management:
Irrigation metering
Irrigation scheduling
Soil moisture content monitoring
Remote monitoring and sensing
Irrigation Systems:
Sprinkler irrigation systems
Fixed overhead sprinkler system
Fertigation systems
Micro jet irrigation
Bubbler Irrigation Systems
Drip irrigation systems
Furrow irrigation
Irrigation Refurbishment:
Replacement of channels with pipes
Lining of irrigation channels
Evapotranspiration Reduction:
Mulching
Groundwater recharge
Shade netting
Management of evaporation losses
Detailed list of intervention features
interventions
Wastewater Reuse:
Wastewater reuse for agriculture
Wastewater reuse as cooling water
Wastewater reuse in mines
Wastewater reuse in textile industry
Wastewater reuse in power generation
Wastewater reuse in steel production
Wastewater recycling in paper production
Wastewater recycling in the food industry
Wastewater recycling for potable use
Non-Potable Water Networks:
Non-potable water distribution system
Wastewater recycling for industrial use
Dual piped water supply system
Domestic Demand Reduction:
Low flow showerheads
Low flow taps
Low flow toilets
Replacement of tap and toilet washers
Revision of building regulations
Domestic leakage detection and repair
Water saving washing machines
Smart metering
Industrial Water Management:
Condensate recovery and reuse
Steam leakage reduction
Prevention of operation of water tank
overflows
Condenser process retrofit
Reuse of cooling blowdown water
Industrial water metering
Drip feed application to leach pads
Pressure management in factories
Direct dry cooling for power generation
Greywater recycling
Stakeholder Engagement:
Stakeholder Engagement
Employee Participation
Alternative Water Sources:
Capture of floodwaters
Stormwater harvesting
Seawater for toilet flushing
Rainwater harvesting
Improvement in water quality
Quotas And Trading:
Water entitlement trading
Enforcement of quotas
Tariffs And Incentives:
Reduced water rates for reclaimed water
Subsidies for the purchase of domestic
water saving appliances
Subsidies for the purchase of water
saving appliances in commercial
premises
Water tariff management
Provision of grants
Water Audits
Institutional Reform & Capacity
Building:
Institutional reform
Education, technical training and capacity
building
Non-Revenue Water:
Municipal leakage detection and repair
Removal of unmetered water supplies
Pressure management in municipalities
Flow monitoring in municipalities
Water metering in municipalities
Industrial
Relevance of Interventions to case studies
Agricultural
Municipal
Exhibit 11 : Case Studied Interventions
Irrigation
Management
Irrigation Systems
Irrigation
Refurbishment
Evapotranspiration
Reduction
Wastewater
Reuse
Non-Potable
Water Networks
Domestic Demand
Reduction
Non-Revenue
Water
Industrial Water
Management
Alternative Water
Sources
Water Quotas
& Trading
Tariffs &
Incentives
Institutional
Reform &
Capacity Building
Stakeholder
Engagement
Now all Government Using Technology how to use Glacier and Sea water as a second Source of fresh water irrespective of using Ground water more and more.
Awareness need world wide to Reduced misused of fresh water.
More information:
Source: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groundwater
https://www.waterscarcitysolutions.org