The theory that studies the problem of truth and knowledge is called gnosiology (gnosis - knowledge of ancient Greek language) or theory of knowledge. Studying the possibilities and structure of self-knowledge of matter (forms, degrees, levels). Structure of the relationship between objective and subjective (truth or delusion) as well as the nature of thought reflections in terms of their dextermination, verifiability and value determination.
The theory of cognition is based on the following principles:
- knowledge of the world
- the role of the practice
- principles of reflection which incorporate the ideas of universality of reflection and knowledge as the highest form of reflection.
In essence, knowledge is a controversial process. The complexity lies in the fact that it is multi-stage, multi-dimensional, determined by different conditions and cause process. The contradiction of knowledge is manifested in the fact that it passes from a material to its opposite ideal state of existence. In the process of reflection of the external world, its actual properties and attitudes as a physical environment are transformed into physiological and psychic as diverse forms of thinking and learning. The purpose of knowledge is knowledge. Knowledge is a means of transforming reality. It arises in the process of knowledge and as a system consists of forms, stages and levels. As a rule, cognitive and rational knowledge, as well as intuition as a special moment of connection between sensual and rational knowledge, are considered in the theory of cognition. Sense of knowledge is realized through the organs of feeling (knowledge, hearing, smell, touch, and taste). It is characterized by the immediacy, the visuality and the object of the emerging images, as well as the reproduction of the objects at the phenomenon level, i. as external sides and properties.
The following basic forms of reflection are characteristic of sensual knowledge:
- sensations, perceptions, ideas
Sensations reflect individual countries and properties, not giving a complete picture of the subject of knowledge.
Perception is a synthesis of sensations, in which a whole image of the object of observation is formed, and the visual reproduction of min. with the help of imagination and memory, gives birth to the idea. Rational knowledge is more complex than sensual. It is a way of reflecting reality with the help of thinking. Thought is characterized by mediocrity with the help of feelings, abstraction and generalization of appreciation. images and reproduction of objects at the level of essence. internal legal relations and relationships. To forms of rational knowledge refer to concepts, judgments, mindsets, laws, hypotheses and theories. The concept is a logical image that reproduces essential properties and relationships of things. It begins and ends every cycle of rationalization of reality. The emergence of the concept is every jump from the single to the general or the universal, from the concrete to the abstract, the phenomenon - the essence. Judgment is a thought that connects several concepts, reflecting different ties and relationships between them. The conclusion is the conclusion of several interrelated judgments resulting in a new judgment, which is a new affirmation or negation. With the help of the concepts, the judgments and the mozapuze rise and justify hypotheses. Laws are formulated and holistic theories are built.
Latest presentations ... ..log. Images and systems of reflection of reality. It is necessary to distinguish between intellect and reason. Intelligence should be seen as an integral and highly differentiated ability to think, as well as a universal experience of the brain. Intuition is the ability to achieve the truth without justification with the help of evidence. It is a specific insight with the help of feelings and thoughts based on the subject's entire experience as well as scientific theoretical knowledge. Intuition is the ability to achieve the truth without justification with the help of evidence. It is a specific. insight through feelings and thoughts based on the subject's entire experience as well as scientific theoretical knowledge. Intuition characterizes it as a peculiarity. a form of jump from ignorance to knowledge. Two forms of intuition are usually considered: sensual and intellectual. The cognition of the process of knowledge will be incomplete if the notion of truth is absent. Truth is the consistency of the knowledge of reality. It is the utility of knowledge or its effectiveness. Truth has the property of concreteness, related to the dependence of knowledge on relations and interactions inherent in phenomena, space, time or others. foundations of being that exist and change or develop. The forms of truth are: relative and absolute truth. There is a great deal in the theory of knowledge to reveal the truth. Practice not only sets goals but helps to properly define the objects of understanding, exploration and knowledge. It puts the basic material means of knowledge and determines the specific possible limits of cognitive processes and procedures. Practice is the source of all factual data. It is immediately involved in the cognitive process in the form of observation, subject of study, experience or experiment. The cognitive activity of a person is related to creativity. It is a process that creates qualitatively new material and spiritual values. In this sense, it is .... There are different types of creativity, for example, production, technical, inventive, artistic, religious, domestic, philosophical, etc. Of great importance for the development of the theory of knowledge as a research and creative process is scientific knowledge. Scientific methods use special methods that enable the truth to be revealed, its evaluation, argumentation and application of the knowledge for the development of science. In this sense, scientific knowledge is the most valuable knowledge of Civilization.
Scientific knowledge has two levels:
- empirical and theoretical.
The empirical encompasses research that is based on the immediate practical interaction of the researcher with the object to be studied. The theoretical scientific knowledge is much more abstract and direct about the interaction between the object and the subject of knowledge.