History
In our corner of the Internet, we talk a lot about Web 3, some even get ready for the Metaverse. Being someone who appreciates the lessons history teaches us, I'd like to travel back in time and see how the internet was before the World Wide Web and what each version of the Web added on top of what already existed, to reach where we are now and to see what Web 3 is all about.
Internet pre-Web
Before the first Web was introduced, the internet was definitely not worldwide or a web. While more people started to get access to the Internet by the early 90s, it was mostly technical people who were able to navigate through the Internet and find anything useful.
This is an older article that describes detailed enough the situation at the beginning of the 90s. The article mentions a protocol named Gopher that was helpful at the time (a sort of directory of internet resources). Here's another article that describes Gopher in more detail, if you are interested.
Web 1.0
The internet pre-web had scattered resources hard to find. Gopher made things easier to find by building directories of resources.
Interestingly, WWW was at first dismissed in favor of Gopher, but the release of the first web browser Mosaic in 1993, coupled with the fact Gopher team introduced paid versions and that the Web was a publishing platform that could easily be adapted for commercial use, unlike Gopher, made WWW explode and Gopher have no counterargument, particularly since Mosaic supported the Gopher protocol as part of the browser.
Besides those arguments, WWW also had for it the fact multiple search engines were being developed, which started to make resources easier to find on the internet.
At first, there were many search engines to pick from, but at present - and for a long time - there is one quasi-dominant: Google. We no longer search online, we "google". That's the kind of influence the search engine of Google has built over time. Let's see how it handles competition from a different kind of search tool, more advanced (ChatGPT). My impression is they will handle it, even if they look a bit behind right now.
Web 2
Web 2 doesn't represent a protocol evolution to WWW, but rather a different way of using it.
Web 1.0 was mostly static information that was difficult to update. On the contrary, on Web 2 the information is mostly dynamic and easy to change.
Web 2 is better suited than Web 1.0 for interactions, collaborations, for being social.
The content on Web 1.0 is information and data-driven, while on Web 2 it is more social and interactive.
While the early ideas about Web 2 may have come some time ahead, it is probably accepted that WWW entered the Web 2 era with the advent and worldwide adoption of social media platforms.
What Is Web 3?
Are we ready to define Web 3? Is it here already?
If you search for the definition of Web 3, you may be surprised to see there are 2 of them.
One we already know here in this space. And the other is created by the W3C, which is the definition of the Semantic Web, as an extension to the World Wide Web through standards. The goal of the Semantic Web is to make Internet data machine-readable.
So, what is Web 3 for us in the crypto-sphere?
You know... Strike that. I'd better answer what it is to me. I'm not sure all definitions are the same anyway.
To me, Web 3 is a new Web iteration that includes several components:
- Semantic Web will be part of Web 3 since robots are already the most numerous entities talking to each other online
- AI will be part of Web 3, with or without Semantic Web
- the social aspect of Web 2 will remain important, but there will be non-siloed options
- account ownership will be part of Web 3 (that can be assured with a good degree of decentralization of the base layer on a blockchain or maybe in a different way in the future)
- tokenization of "everything" will be the main trait of Web 3
- p2p markets will be part of Web 3
Is Web3 already here? I think parts of it are. And they are at the beginning. Was WWW a thing in 1993? Yes, and even started to pick up speed. And yet, Gopher was still in the lead... In the end, Gopher is no more, at least not at a mass scale. And WWW took over.
Is there a Web 5?
Obviously not. It is a way Jack Dorsey thinks he does smart marketing while minimizing Web 3. I think he's... not smart. Elon Musk played along since he obviously would prefer the next iteration of Web to be around the silo he controls at Twitter.
Metaverse
I believe discussions around the metaverse are premature. It will be a thing, but 15-20+ years into the future. The main thing that is lacking right now is the infrastructure to connect to the metaverse by a significant number of people and have a good experience interacting with each other and with the environment at the same time.
In a way, talking about Metaverse now would be like talking about Facebook in 1991.
So, has Zuckerberg made a bad move pushing Facebook (now Meta) in that direction? Well, by what I read here, it sounds like an admission:
In February 2023, Zuckerberg wrote a Facebook post announcing the company's pivot away from the metaverse to focus on AI.
Conclusion
World Wide Web was created in 1991, but it took some time for it to replace Gopher as the dominant internet protocol. Web 1.0 was replaced by Web 2 roughly in 2004. That's 13 years or so.
Web 2 is still the dominant standard now, 19 years later. The time is very good for Web 3 to emerge. Even though it may take some time to crystallize and be embraced.
Big businesses have been built around Web 2. It is normal that they or their representatives don't like any potential disruptors of their business models.