Matta Caplan came up with a new exotic hypothesis that claims one of the final things that will happen at the end of the Universe. He thinks that it will happen with a sequence of black dwarf supernovae.
https://academic.oup.com/mnras/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/mnras/staa2262/5884975
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The Universe is hard to understand. And forget questions like if there is just a single Universe or multiples. Even comparatively simple questions like “How did the Universe begin?” have not a definitive answer in our understanding of the Universe. The same goes for how the Universe will end. We do have a few hypotheses but each is stranger than the previous one.
Well, known physicist and extravagant visionary Matt Caplan from Illinois State University came up with a beautiful exotic hypothesis ideal for lazy summer evenings. So, lay down into the grass, look up towards the stars and imagine a slow, immense flood of black dwarf supernovae.
The majority of stars we know will end their lives as white dwarves. These are the remains of former stars. Nuclear fusion is no longer occurring in them and their fate is to slowly cool down. Very, extremely, almost impossibly slowly. From what we know about the Universe, not enough time has passed for a single white dwarf to fully cool down. But once it happens it will turn into a black dwarf.
Caplan figured out an amazing way for the end of the Universe to occur. And black dwarves play the main role in it. It should be the very last thing that happens before the Heat Death of the Universe – when all particles remaining in the Universe stop moving as the temperature reaches absolute zero. And if Caplan is correct then the last thing to happen in the Universe will be black dwarf supernovae.
So, what exactly is a black hole supernova supposed to be? Both white and black dwarves will be losing electrons over time. This will happen because electrons will annihilate with positrons. The lack of electrons will weaken the cores of black dwarves giving them a tendency to collapse. At the same time, scientists suspect that black dwarves will transform into iron black dwarves made mostly from iron-56.
Caplan thinks this will change something fundamental. He thinks the Chandrasekhar limit will change for the iron black dwarves. This is the maximum mass of a white dwarf. If it goes over the limit it will collapse into a supernova and explode. For a normal white dwarf, the limit is 1.44 Solar masses. With an iron black dwarf, it could be just 1.2 Solar masses. Thus, the black dwarves that went over the limit will explode as supernovae.
Caplan estimates that roughly 1 % of all stars in the observable Universe will have this fate. But, you will not be here to see this as it should start taking place in about 10 to the power of 1100 years. And end in about 10 to the power of 32000 years.
I’m sorry for what follows, but the amount that years is this:
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