In 1953, President Gamal Abdel Nasser met with Hassan al-Hudaybi, the Supreme Guide of the Muslim Brotherhood, who demanded that all Egyptian women be required to wear the veil as a condition for implementing Islamic law in Egypt. Ironically, al-Hudaybi’s wife and daughter did not wear the veil, raising questions about the real motives behind its imposition: was it a sincere religious obligation or a political tool to expand the group’s influence
This event is not an exception, but rather reflects how the veil has not always been a purely religious matter, but has undergone historical transformations, playing a social role in ancient times, then transforming into a religious symbol, and finally into a political tool in the modern era. In this article, we review the origins of the veil, its evolution over time, and its transformation into a contemporary political and social issue.
Origins and development of the veil throughout history
The veil was not an Islamic invention, but preceded Islam by centuries and appeared in many civilizations such as:
Babylonian and Persian civilizations: where the veil was reserved for free women, while slave women were forbidden from wearing it, which made it a symbol of social class.
Ancient Greece and Rome: Women used the veil or head covering as a symbol of respect and dignity, but it was not a religious obligation.
Pre-Islamic Arab societies: Some women covered their heads for cultural and social reasons, but it was not mandatory.
With the advent of Islam, the term “hijab” was mentioned in the Qur’an, but it did not specifically refer to a head covering, but rather meant “barrier” or “curtain”, in different contexts such as separating men and women in some social situations.
Hijab in religious texts: Religion or social tradition?
When analyzing religious texts, we find that:
The Holy Quran does not explicitly state that the hijab means covering the head, but rather refers to concealment and modesty in general.
The hadiths that some jurists cite to support the imposition of the hijab are questionable or influenced by the cultural context of the society in which they were written.
Wearing the hijab gradually spread in Islamic societies based on cultural norms rather than being a clear mandatory legislation.
The hijab as a political and social tool
With the rise of political Islamic movements, the hijab transformed from being a personal choice to a political and ideological symbol. The most prominent stages that witnessed this transformation are:
The twentieth century in Egypt: During the fifties and sixties, the hijab was not widespread in Egyptian cities, but with the rise of the Muslim Brotherhood and Islamic groups in the seventies and eighties, it began to be imposed as a symbol of Islamic identity.
The Iranian Revolution (1979): The new government imposed the hijab as a mandatory law, making it a tool for controlling society according to the government's religious vision.
Gulf States: Some political regimes have used the veil as a means of religiousizing the state and strengthening religious authority in society.
Contemporary Issues and Criticism of the Veil
Today, the veil remains a subject of global controversy, viewed from different perspectives:
Religious perspective: Some women wear it out of faith and religious conviction, while others see it as a social obligation.
Feminist perspective: Some see the veil as a tool to oppress women and restrict their freedom, especially when imposed by force.
Human rights perspective: Some Western countries focus on the veil as an issue of individual freedom, leading to laws prohibiting its wearing in public places, such as France.
Conclusion
The veil is not just a piece of cloth, but a symbol that reflects social, political and religious transformations throughout history. While some women choose to wear it out of faith, its politics by Islamic movements and political regimes has made it a controversial issue. Today, the question remains: Can an individual choose to wear the veil freely without political or social influences? Or will it remain part of an ongoing struggle between religion, culture, and politics?