It's part of a cultural propaganda campaign to drive entrepreneur interest in the Made in China 2025 initiative, which aims to establish Chinese leadership in key fundamental hardware and manufacturing technologies. More generally, China has been steering entrepreneurs toward more fundamental "hard tech" and less "soft tech" such as gaming and food delivery, and this show is a way of giving "boring" hard tech more broad cultural cachet.
It's hard to imagine the US equivalent of this -- a government-sponsored drama about the founding of NVidia or a fictional optical computing startup just doesn't seem likely.
The only such US propaganda film I can think of is Top Gun, which was made with extensive funding and story direction from the US military, and did indeed lead to a huge bump in recruitment as desired.