First of all we have to make a clear statement:
Introversion is at its root a type of temperament. It is not the same as shyness or having a withdrawn personality, and it is not pathological. It is also something you can't change. But you can learn to work with it, not against it.
The main difference between Innies and Outies:
Energy creation is the most salient difference.
Extroverts are energized by the outer world. Most extroverts like talking to people and engaging in activities outside of themselves. Contrary to most of our perceptions about extroverts, however, they are not necessarily more outgoing or lively than an introvert.
Extroverts spend energy freely and often have trouble slowing down. They can refresh easily by doing something in the outer world. Extroverts may experience loneliness and a feeling of being drained when they are not in contact with people or the outside world. Often the harder part for them is relaxing and giving their bodies a rest.
Introverts, on the other hand, are energized by the internal world - by ideas, impressions and emotions. Counter to our stereotypes of introverts, they are not necessarily quiet or withdrawn, but their focus is inside their heads. They need a quiet and reflective space where they can think things through and recharge themselves.
Creating energy isn't so easy for introverts. It takes more time for introverts to restore energy, and it flows out faster than an extrovert's energy. Introverts need to calculate how much energy something will take, how much they need to conserve, and plan accordingly.
Hope you have found this informations useful. All the things i have written are from the book "The Introvert Advantage" by Marti Olsen Laney. So if you want to deepen the topic you should check it out.
You can buy the book here