What kind of ball are we talking about?
The ball has a weight and so do you. The difference in weight affects the result.
Once you throw the ball, earths atmosphere and gravity acting as resistance slowly slows down the ball.
Once you move/push the ball (assuming its a heavy ball), the ball itself acts as resistance (just like the wall in the above image) due to its weight and delivers equal and opposite reaction. The difference in balls weight and your weight affects the result. Also you are pushing against the ground while moving/pushing the heavy ball. The ground resists and delivers equal and opposite reaction.
Replace the rock in the image with heavy ball: 
RE: If you believe a rocket can work in space, then you do not understand Newton's 3rd law at all...