CRISPR-Cas9 (Krisper-Cass-Nine), a few years ago discovered GNOME Editing Technologies. Those who have a little bit about genetics have already heard it once. This is just a matter of months ago that the use of this technology in HIV has come about in nature a few months ago. What is the CRISPR-Cas9 (Crisper-Case-Nine)? How does it work?
A group of scientists are basically looking at how bacteria fight against viral infections. Scientists see, most bacteria have an adaptive immune system, through which bacteria can detect viral DNA and destroy it. The name of this system is CRISPR (Crisper).
A part of the CRISPR system is the Protein Cas9 (Cass-Nine). This protein is able to detect viral DNA in its own way and dissect it. Scientists have been able to understand how this Cas9 (cass-nine) protein works. Not only that, they realized that this quality of the Cas9 (cass-nine) protein can be used in genetic engineering technologies. By which scientists can remove parts of the DNA from the cell or add some extra components. That was never possible before.
CRISPR (Crisper) technology has already been successfully used in changing the DNA of mice and monkey cells. Chinese scientists have shown that it is possible to use this technology in people's embryos. A group of Philadelphia scientists have used Crisper technology to remove DNA from a cell of human cell HIV virus. It is easy to understand, how exciting this newly discovered technology is! Let's know, how this technology works in the real world.
When a cell is infected with viruses, the virus primarily inserts itself into the inside of the DNA cells. Whatever is happening in bacteria, bacteria completely extract the DNA from the virus and add some small pieces to its DNA. The small pieces of this viral DNA are added to the part, called Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
Read the full name? Do you know what? Yes, this is just the CRISPR (crisper). This method helps keep records of viruses that attack cells. The big thing, the small DNA fragments that were added? It also goes to new cells during cell division. As a result, it protects the virus from the virus after the era of cells. So the detector team, one of the CRISPR locus (Krisper Lokas), is said to be virtually the cell's genetic vaccination (vaccination) card.
CRISPR-Cas9
Once the DNA fragments enter the bacterial chromosome, the RNA copies the copies. The orange color RNA in the film is the most viral DNA replica. RNA is called DNA chemical chemistry. This RNA interacts with DNA that is similar to the matching sequence. The white color protein that appears in the film is called Cas9 (Cass-Nine), the small RNA fragments of Crisper Lokas are associated with this protein. This complex structure works like a guard and searches for all kinds of cells to be associated with DNA.
If a DNA sequence matches, then the image is added as it is seen in the picture. Not only is there a silence, Cas9 (cass-nine) protein starts its work, which means, it is broken by viral DNA.
The Cas9 (CAS-Nine) RNA conveyor typically cuts the viral DNA and breaks the double-strand DNA helix. Interestingly, this process can be designed as a computer program itself. This means that "Cas9 (CAS-Nine) RNA watchman will work in specific DNA sequences", so it can be designed in such a way. You can see the video below to understand the whole thing better.
We are now in a stage where we can reform any double-strand DNA. That is, it is possible to recover any kind of genetic mutation. Needless to say, in the case of sickle cell anemia or Huntington Disease, this CRISPR-Cas9 (Crisper-Case-Nine) is going to be used soon to cure genetic mutation