Hey guys in this article we will discus about the basic principles of physics and chemistry used to liquefy nitrogen to make a very cool(cold) stuff LIQUID NITROGEN.
IDEAL GAS LAW
PV=nRT
Here p= pressure,T=temperature,n= moles,R= universal gas constant,V=volume
From this equation we can see that pressure is directly proportional to temperature and pressure is inversely proportional to the volume.
So we can make out that if we increase the pressure we can eventually increase the temperature of gas.but here we have to liquefy the gas by decreasing the temperature so we will decrease the pressure of the gas by increasing the volume of the gas to cool it.As volume is inversely proportional to pressure so on increasing the volume the pressure of the gas will decrease and thereby it decreases the temperature.
Carl von Linde discovered a technique of cooling by using this principle. In his technique you pressurize nitrogen with a compressor. Then you release the nitrogen through an orifice, causing it to cool as it expands. You use this cool gas to cool the nitrogen before it flows into the orifice (known as a counter-current heat exchanger). Since it is colder, the gas coming out of the orifice is now colder still. Eventually, the gas coming out of the orifice is so cold that it turns to liquid nitrogen, which you collect and keep in a highly insulated container.
SO GUYS THIS WAS THE VERY BASIC PRINCIPLE BEHIND MAKING OF LIQUID NITROGEN...
We live in a society exquisitely dependent on science and technology, in which hardly anyone knows anything about science and technology.
Carl Sagan
Sources: https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/c/carlsagan130525.html?src=t_science
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideal_gas_law
http://www.brainstuffshow.com/blogs/how-do-they-make-liquid-nitrogen.htm