For many years in the moon, many planets in the solar system have gone into space-man-made spacecraft. In the near future, people may themselves go outside the solar system. The first phase of the creation of the galactic civilization in the Foundation series is the establishment of human settlement outside the world. The purpose of this may be of 2 types.

1. Base Station (Refueling / Repeating / Resting) is made for remote space exploration

2. Made permanent settlement

In the first place, we look at our neighbor Moon and Mars. But their environmental contradiction with the world is a big obstacle for construction work. Most of the techniques and materials used in the world are not available in space construction.

The main issues to be addressed are:

1. Microgrategy (Mars = 0.375 * Earth [2], Moon = 0.166 * Earth [4])

2. Extreme temperature (Mars -120 ° to 30 ° C [3], Moon -173 ° to 127 ° C [5])

3. Radiation

4. Fuel

5. Pressure

6. The dust

Keeping these issues in mind, new materials and techniques are being invented.

Fuel

In today's spaceship, hydrogen fuel cell is used, but alternative energy will be needed in the future. [6]

In this case, there are chances of getting Helium-3 in the Moon or Jupiter. It is planning to build a nuclear power plant using a Fusion Reaction. However, the biggest obstacle to designing a Controlled Fusion Reaction.

3 2 He + 3 2 He = 4 2 He + 1 1 H + 1 1 H + 12.8 MeV

Fusion reactions are easily available in glassware and the waste is less productive. However, it is necessary to heat a lot.

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Building Material:

A group of Virginia Tech researchers created the Lunar Regolith (Moon Earth) simulation on Earth. Used to create simulation -

• Aluminum
• Volcanic ash
• Mineral
• Basaltic Glass

It has been prepared with bricks. The material is as strong as concrete and it can withstand pressure of up to 2450 psi. But bricks are used to make small domes but they are not suitable for large structures. Self propagation used in this brick is high heat synthesis.

Mining

There is a lot of potential for getting minerals, metals, water, oxygen, and fuel from the moon and Mars. It is possible to collect and use as a raw material for the construction work. For this, the need to improve Surface and Deep Mining technology.

3D-printing:

3D printing technology can be used to transform the collected raw materials into complex structure according to the design. The whole house may be printed one day!

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Recently, NASA's 3D Printing Space Habitat Challenge 2016 top 30 design was published. There, in the poles of Mars, the competition was won by the team Selection / Cloud Architecture office.

Robot

The first work of civil engineers is e-survey. In this case, the robotic station will need all the measurements before making the structure, before constructing the structure. It will have Theodolite, Electronic Distance Meter and Remote Control. It will be operated from the Earth or from the orbital space station.

The manual labor also has to be replaced by a robotic laboratory. Simultaneous spaces can be built and design robot designed for construction purposes. Currently NASA has designed Robot-2, the better version of it, maybe one day will work in the development of the Space Colony.

Reference:

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/01/090106145348.htm

• http://mars.nasa.gov/allaboutmars/facts/#?c=inspace&s=distance

• http://mars.nasa.gov/allaboutmars/facts/#?c=theplanet&s=temperature

• http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/moon/facts

• http://moon.nasa.gov/about.cfm

• https://www.nasa.gov/topics/technology/hydrogen/fc_shuttle.html

• http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Preparing_for_the_Future/Space_for_Earth/Energy/Helium3_mining_on_the_lunar_surface

• http://www.3dprinter.net/reference/what-is-3d-printing

• http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5979830/

• 

• http://www.marsicehouse.com