There is a hadith of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) who said "you must have conquered the city of constatinople, as well as the king is his king and as good as the army is the army" (ahmad). And from here the history of the city konstatinopel will be written with gold ink in the history of the glory of Islam.
The Hadith continues to be a mystery of more than 800 years, after hearing the hadith that many Islamic leaders are struggling to conquer the city of constatinopel and be as good as the king as it is in the hadith. Starting from the time of the companions of the prophet but nothing works and this effort continues to be done by the next generation and even a testament implanted to the princes of Islam so that later as they lead the conquest can be realized.
The first person who attempted to realize the content of hadith was mu'awiyyah bin abi sofyan in 44H but the business failed, then continued during the Umayyad caliphate but the result remains a failure. Furthermore, at the time of Abbasid also made several attempts to conquer the city of constatinopel but still failed, including the caliph period of harun ar-rashid 190 H. Small kingdom in east Asia had tried but still failed among the Seljuk empire.
In the 8th century Hijriyah the period of the Utsmaniyah caliphate began to reach its heyday under the leadership of the sultan murad II (824-863H / 1421-1451H) had almost conquered the city but because the spread of slander among the warriors made this attempt fail. So that power is inherited to his son that is mehmed II or better known as muhammad al-fatih who is the seventh sultan in the khilafah utsmaniyah and in the days he was constatinopel conquered city so he held with al-fatih which in Arabic means conqueror.
Muhammad alfatih was born on 27 rajab 835 H. dated March 30, 1432 M. Muhammad al-fatih is a famous intelligent child so that at the time he was a little memorized al-qur an 30 juz and can master various branches of science such as fiqih, science of hadith, mathematics , science of war strategy. He is also at the age of 21 years can already master 6 languages
And since he has been desperate to destroy the efforts of Muslims to conquer the city of konstatinopel because often observing the history of Islam who had done it several times but failed, after muhammad ascended the throne on 5 muharram 855 coincide 7 February 1451 he began to prepare everything to conquer the city konstatinopel. The war took more than 45 days and about 250,000 Islamic troops died in the war, to its peak on the 20th of early jumadil 857 to coincide with 29 May 1453 AD by continuously voicing the Takbir and the phrase tauhid troops muhammad al-fatih managed to enter the city and conquered the city as well as ending the great empire that lasted 11 centuries. After succeeding Mohammed al-fatih did prostration of gratitude as a thanksgiving to Allah subhana wataala.
Furthermore he changed the name of the city to islambul which means the Islamic state and made as the capital of the kingdom utsmani and as the center of government. Persistence and perseverance and clean intentions make them have a strong spirit so that they can achieve their goal of victory.