Evidence That the Earth Surrounds the Sun.

At the beginning of the development of science, people like Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo & Newton argued that it would be better (to explain), easier (math) & more elegant (philosophically) that the Sun is at the center, while Earth & the planet revolves around the Sun. All have a satisfactory explanation, in theory, to say that.

Until now, high school physics also provide a clear explanation & satisfactory, that it is so there. The much larger sun mass than the planets makes the planets to be subject to the bondage of the Sun's gravity so that the planets move around the Sun as the center. So from Newton's law of gravity.

His mathematical formulation is plainly and clearly explained by Kepler's formulation, simply because the Sun is the center of the system.

If it is so there and does not believe it, how to prove it? Easy, just fly all the way from the solar system to the poles, and see how the Earth and the planets move around the Sun. Of course, this is a humorous statement. But this is an important question, how to prove it?

The gentlemen who have been mentioned, of course, have opinions that apply as hypotheses and must be proven through proven observation/experimentation. If the experiment is compatible with the hypothesis, then the hypothesis is accepted and it becomes a theory. Is not it so?

Well, now how to prove it? The only way to prove the phenomenon of the sky is through astronomy, that is when observations are made on heavenly bodies and then provide a scientific explanation of what actually happened there.

Of course, it is not easy to provide direct evidence that can explain coupling that the Earth revolves around the Sun, is not it easier to tell the opposite? But as has been said, it will be bad, not easy and not elegant to say so. It turns out from the observations of astronomy shows that indeed the Earth is circling the Sun. Do not believe?

The first evidence, which was discovered by James Bradley (1725). Pak Bradley discovered the existence of a star aberration.

What is a star aberration? Imagine we're standing in the middle of a rain, and the rainwater falls right vertically / perpendicular to our heads. If we use an umbrella, then the face & back of our heads will not splash water is not it? Then we start walking forward, slowly & faster walking, then as if the rain that had fallen earlier, even turned and splashed our faces. To avoid it then we tend to lean the umbrella to face. Actually, the rain still falls straight, but because we move relatively forward, then the effect that occurs is as if veering and splashing into our face.

Likewise with the phenomenon of aberration of stars, in fact the position of the star always remains at a point in the sky, but from the observation of astronomy, it is found that the star position shifts from its starting point, its shift is not too large, but enough to show that it is actually a moving earth.

^{Credit image by @alf4t1h}

Aberration occurs when an observer is a person standing in the rain, and the direction of the starlight is the direction of the fall of the rain. Then the observer moved upright, perpendicular to the fall of the rain. S states the star position, E the observer's position on Earth. The actual direction of the star relative to the observer is the ES, the distance depending on the rate of light. Then the Earth moves in the direction of EE' with the direction of the line representing its speed. It turns out that the observation shows that the star is on the ES' line instead of ES, with SS' parallel & equal to EE'. Then the star's position shifts from its true position to the angle formed between the SES'. If the Earth does not move, then for every time, the angle of SES' is 0, but it turns out that the SES' angle is not zero. This is the first proof that the Earth is indeed moving.

The second evidence is the parallax of stars. This proof is first measured by Bessel (1838). Parallax can occur if the position of a distant star as if it appears to 'move' against a closer star. (Fig.2). This phenomenon can only happen, because of the change in position of the Stars due to the movement of the Earth to the Sun. This position change forms the angle p if we take the position of the ends as the Earth rounds the Sun. The parallax angle expressed by (p), represents half the parallactic shift when the star is observed from the two most extreme positions.

^{Credit image by @alf4t1h}

How can we explain this phenomenon? This can only be explained if the Earth is circling the Sun and not the opposite. The third proof is the Doppler effect.

As Newton has introduced, the fact that light can be broken down into a rainbow component, the knowledge of starlight becomes a valid source of information about how the star's fingerprints. It turns out that astronomical observations show that many star behaviors show that many sky objects have fingerprints that are not in place. How could it be? The explanation is given by Doppler (1842), that if a source of information 'moves' (this information can sound, or optical source), there is 'change' of information. Why do the moves have quotation marks? This can happen because the movement is a relative movement, is it because of the moving observer? Or it's moving source?

Thus in the light source, if the light source approaches the observed light wave becomes blue, the opposite will be redder. As the Earth moves closer to the star, the star becomes bluer, and as it moves away it becomes redder.

At one time, star observations showed a redshift, but at other times, the star experienced a Blueshift. So how to explain it? This becomes incontrovertible evidence, that the Earth is moving (back and forth - as it circles the Sun), has its velocity, relative to the star and does not remain silent.

Thus there are three supporting evidences that indeed the Earth moves around the sun, from aberration (small changes in the position of stars due to the Earth's rate), parallax (change of star position due to Earth's changing position) and Doppler effect (the color change of stars due to Earth's rate).

Of course, these proofs are SCIENTIFIC evidence, in which all their meanings, understandings and formulations use all scientific, reasonable, and scientific-weighted scientific norms. Is that so? As revealed, until this moment there is no technology that can make us able to fly all the way into space, so far so that it can see that's the truth. However, the proof of the scientific method has been valid enough to answer many human misunderstandings about its position in nature. And the aforementioned evidence is enough to be the basis for answering that the Earth is indeed circling the Sun; from the Earth's knowledge of the Sun, many things have been revealed about this universe, as well as a foundation for seeking answers to many things that can not be answered at this time.