But why the earth carries so much water, significantly more than any other planet in our solar system, has not yet been explained. It is likely that asteroid impacts left water on the earth in early times.

The earth's orbit is not an exact circular orbit, but an ellipse, i.e. the distance to the sun is only 150 million kilometers on average, but it actually moves between 147 and 152 million kilometers away from the sun.

Is that the cause of the seasons? No, the reason is different. If you take earth and sun center, you get a line that goes through a plane. This plane is called ecliptic. The earth's axis is not perpendicular to this plane, but is inclined against it, at 23.44 degrees, which is called the skewness of the ecliptic.

The globe is inclined in space. In the winter of our northern hemisphere, the earth is closest to the sun, but the northern hemisphere is turned away from the sun because the earth is tilted, so less sunlight reaches the northern hemisphere. In summer it is the other way round, then the north is inclined towards the sun and receives more light.

In both hemispheres some auroras are formed and they are formed when electrically charged particles of the solar wind from the magnetosphere, which mainly consist of electrons but also protons, meet oxygen and nitrogen atoms in the upper layers of the earth's atmosphere and ionize them. When recombination takes place again after a short time, light is emitted. Due to the energy transfer, the electrons slip one shell to the outside, but then back to the original shell if the Bohr atomic model is taken as the basis. Electromagnetic radiation is emitted and light is emitted. This is the reason for polar lights, called Aurora borealis in the northern hemisphere and Aurora australis in the southern hemisphere.

The energy balance of the earth is essentially determined by solar radiation. The ratio of irradiated to reflected energy is called the Albedo. The earth has an Albedo of 0.367, i.e. 36.7 percent of the irradiated sunlight is reflected, the rest is swallowed by the earth's atmosphere, the oceans and the continents.

Venus has an Albedo of 0,12 so 88 percent of the sunlight is captured by the planet.

Part 1