I have discussed how imperative of DNA in our lives in my past post and it is a Director in our body. Be that as it may, in any case the vast majority of us have no clue about the DNA, what it does, why is so uncommon and what it is ? I have posted why the DNA is imperative and now I will center around what is DNA and what make it so extraordinary.
What is DNA?
Deoxyribonucleic Acids as known as DNA, for your info DNA is a macromolecule, the DNA is macromolecules and this macromolecule is formed by numerous basic units which called as Nucleotides, a large number of us realize that the Nucleotides as the arrangement of the DNA. The DNA comprises of 4 unique nucleotides, it is Adenine(A), Thymine(T), Cytosine(C) and Guanine(G) or ATCG. This is the four distinct letters or Nucleotides that show up in our DNA. What is ATCG implies? The ATCG part really to make coding some portion of the qualities, the ATCG likewise assume liability to make the greater part of the protein in our body. Things being what they are, it is extremely vital to have this 4 letter in our DNA right? It likewise the organ, cells, and body physiological capacity. Dynamite!
DNA is molecules that have many extraordinary characteristics and it is an extraordinary molecule. It is a unique molecule for every living thing. It is simples, only 4 units to determines the DNA codes it is(cytosine [C], guanine [G], adenine [A] or thymine [T]). The DNA also changeable and it is in every cell of an organism.
Actually, DNA is most spectacular part of our body, it is not only because of the letters that appear in DNA. Coding or Non-Coding the sequence of the gene, this is the first level of the responsibility for the DNA that carries the information to make we can have a great life. I would like to characterize that the DNA consist of three layers, the DNA first layer is the sequence. The sequence that has the chained letters(A, T, C, G) to produce protein by the coding process. Not all of the genes used to produce the protein. The transcribe and translated perform an identical gene. Transcribe is a changing process from DNA to RNA, meanwhile, translated is a process of conversion of the RNA into protein. Many different ways to express the genes, for instance, the RNA splicing.
An aspect of the DNA not only regulated by the genetic sequence, but it also involves the Chromatin organization which is the main switcher. Chromatin organization is the second layer of the information. For your information, DNA is not a string of letters A, T, C & G, but actually, the DNA was coiled and wrapped in an intricated ways. This will allow the further regulation. A, T, C, & G or DNA letters will form the first layer of information in the first layer. Then, to form coiled structured the DNA letters will be wrapped around the Protein( Histones). The tight coiling doesn't allow the enzyme to do their jobs for the transcription and the translation. Meanwhile, the loose coiling will allow the enzymes to do the transcription and translation. The big component of the gene regulation is accounted to the chromatin condensation.
Last but not least is the third level of the information, Epigenetic. For your information, meaning the word of "Epigenetic" is all of the characteristics can be here edited, although it can be here edited the A, T, C, G ( letter sequence) will not be effected for the editing. We can have a huge difference of the outputs (Protein or RNA) even the principle of the genomic sequence is same, this difference still depends on the Epigenetic regulation. Enzyme like the Methylation and the Acetylation can alter the DNA molecules or the Histones.
The other additional layer of additional can be added if other aspects are considered. For example, I got that there are chemical properties of DNA and these chemical properties have been used in many kinds of research. For example, to move particles, people have been using the DNA as a micro-strings to work on that things. Is it cool right? Actually, it is more important to know the chemical properties and physical DNA than knowing the sequence. Know the sequence means little.
Summary
Understanding DNA is not only about it sequence aka ATCG, but we also need to understand the role of a gene and we need to look the DNA more widely it can't be limited at the sequence only. DNA is a very complicated molecule and to correlate the genes organization with the evolution, behavior, and diseases is still too far from us. However, we need to proud of ourselves because we have DNA and it is an amazing machinery that works in our body. The DNA is functioning very efficient and cleverly. What we need to realize is DNA is not only about a sequence of an elementary unit to form protein, but the sequence is organized according to a blueprint and it is organized tightly and hardly. So, now we need to think how amazing is DNA. Thanks for reading my post today and keep following My Biologist Adventure.
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Reference and Further Reading
| TOPIC | WEBSITES |
|---|---|
| Wikipedia DNA | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA |
| What is Epigenetics ? | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenetics |
| RNA splicing | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_splicing |
| What Is 3 layer Information? | https://biologistadventure.wordpress.com/2016/08/12/dna-three-layers-of-information/ |
| Video Source | https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCm-fCk3DSzbCF1Oi2Pm38Jw |
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