CR1632 battery
RM 2.50 / Reindeer, 3V @ Mr Dollar 20230127
Safety Boots
RM 75 / Safety shoes, DIY homebrand @ Mr DIY Setia Tropika 2023 Jan
RM 93 / Safety joggers, Safetyboy@ Mr DIY Setia Tropika 2023 Jan
้ปๅทฅ ๐
SCADA - BMS
2023
Commercial rate
RM 0.55 / kW
SGD 0.25 / kW
Monthly Maximum Demand (MD) Charge = RM41.82/kW X Maximum kW @ 2023
Commercial Electricity Billing in Singapore is based on 10 minutes interval
PQMS can reflect actual billing within 5% error
Good ground resistance < 5 ohm
Advanced Diploma in Applied Electrical Engineering (Power Systems) 52888WA @ Engineering Institute of Technology, Australia
USD 7000 / online @ 2018
Electric Bill
๐ฌรณhโ'๐ฟu๊ป.๐ท๐๐ฏ๊ป.๐โฆ แโฆ z โei๐๊ป๐ฟฤ๏ผ ใ???? /๐ @ ๐๐๐ใฐ ใ
โธ๐โธสทโฆ ๐ป ๐ฌโฆ ๐ฟ๐โฆ hโ.๐พ๊ป ๏ผ ใโธโ๐รฉw๐ ๐ฝ๊'hโวตสฐรฉ๊ป๐ฟ'hโ.hโo๐hโ /๐ ใโธ๏ธใฐ๐ ๐ฑสฐs๐ฟ๐ฏhโ.โยธ๐ฏ๐ฟ๐ ฯo๐ฤ๐ถe ๐ฝun.โธรญ๊ป๐ฤ๊i ใ @ ๐๐๐ใฐ ใ ใฯรฉ๐๐ชกโฆ ๐ฝ๊'hโวตสฐรฉ๊ป๐ฟ'hโ.hโo๐hโ /๐ @ ๐๐๐๐ใ
ใฐแ.๐ฑยธ๐ ๐ฌ๐ฏโ๐ถ.๐ฑยธy ๏ผใโธ๏ธ90 ๐ฑสฐ @ ๐๐๐ใฐ ใฐ.๐ ใใโธ๏ธ76 ๐ฑสฐ @ ๐๐๐ใฐ ๐ฝ.๐ ใ ใ๐61 ๐ฑสฐ @ ๐๐๐ใฐ ๐ฑ.๐ ใใ๐69 ๐ฑสฐ @ ๐๐๐ใฐ ๐ค.๐ ใใ ๐35 ๐ฑสฐ @ ๐๐๐ใฐ ฮ.๐ ใใ ๐50 ๐ฑสฐ @ ๐๐๐ใฐ ๐ญ.๐ ใ
Central Utility Building (CUB)
ๆฐด่็ ๐ฐ
Penang commercial Water Tariff
RM 2.10 / m^3 @ 2023
RM 1.45 / m^3 @ 2022
SAJ Monthly Minimum Charge = RM30 @ 2023
Coagulation (Lt. cogere "to curdle, collect, drive together", co- + agere < *ag-) ๆททๅ
โฌ
Flocculation (Lt. floccus, "wool") ็ตฎๅ
โฌ
Sedimentation ๆฒ้
Malaysia Wastewater Release Requirements
- TSS < 100 ppm (general), < 50ppm (water catchment areas)
- COD < 80 ppm
- Ammoniacal Nitrogen < 10 ppm
COVIDๅ๏ผๆทฑๅณๆ300ๅคๅฎถๆฐด่็ๅ ฌๅธ๏ผ่ถๅๅชๆ8ๅฎถใ2023ๅนด้ ญ๏ผๆทฑๅณๅชๅฉ 100ๅคๅฎถใ
Cooling Tower ๅทๅปๅก ๐ญ
Danfoss Valve
Automated Spongeball Tube Cleaning
- Spongeballs need to be cleaned/replaced every ~ 3 months
- Zeta Power can reduce Spongeball cleaning/replacement frequency
Baccomber
- MOX - Scaling - ๐งou๐os ใฐanusโธ๏ธenere
- โ๏ธ ๐ฑ๐ฟโฆ ๐ฮ๐ฏ
- ๐ฌรณy๊๐ฏ๊ป.๐ฑรฉ๐hโe๐ แ ๐: ๐.ฤ.โi๐๐ hโรฉะด.๐ฌhโ๐yรฉ๐i.ehโ๐o๊ป hโe๐i ใฐaแi๐ฤ .๐ฝ๐ถow๊o๊ป ๐พ๊ป ๐ฌe(y)๐ hโรฉ๊ป๐' รณynos ๐.ใฐehโ๐u๐ถรณ๊ป โธ๏ธe๐แธฑ๊ป๐ehโ.๐พรณg.๐ehโ
- โธ๏ธ๐ฏ๐' โธ๏ธ๐: ๐โฆ i๐a๐- ๐ฌฤซ๊'yฤส.๐๐รณs.๐พ๐ฟis ๐ฝ(w)รฉ.๐พuล.โธ๏ธjล.๐em wวฃre wehโros ฯo๐l.ฤ๐ถ's hโรฉ๐ ๐๐๐๐.๊ป, hโepi.รบd maist earun ๐i๊ป๊ปos.๐พau๊ปa๐ , ๐ญฮฮ๊โ๐ถ โre.๐ฌhโ๐yรฉ๐i.ehโ๐o๊ป รณynos โธleu๐a๐ฤ hโepo ๐ฌo๊ฯlehโ๐โธ๏ธus.e๊ป
DeCaIon
- 1 unit can treat 2 tonne of water per hour, usually for small Cooling Water System in Commercial buildings
- Electrolysis but most likely will not corrode Cooling Tower because it's a standalone unit
- ๐ฌou๐os.๐พ'๐os ๐ฌ๐ฏ๊๐ญสฐle๐ทวต๐ลล witeros โฏ๐ฯ๐๐ถ
3rd Party facilities management providers: CBRE, Ecolex
Blowdown ไธๆฐด 800 - 1000 uS/cm Cooling Tower chem trtmnt RM 10000+++ / month @ Malaysia 2022Langelier Saturation Index
Corrosion < -0.3 < LSI < +0.3 < scaling
Scaling โฌ
- temperature โฌ
- pH โฌ
- conductivity โฌ
- hardness โฌ
Chlorine corrodes 304 & 316 Steel
Cooling Tower Energy Trade-off Optimization:
Fans vs. Pump
Propeller Fan vs. Blower Fan
- Blower Fans require at least twice the applied horsepower of
Propeller Fans to deliver equivalent air flow
A 10% increase in flow will require about 21% greater pressure. A 10% decrease in flow will decrease the required pressure by about 19%.
Manipulation of air rate (and fan power) is a far more energy-effective means of regulating thermal capacity than control of water rate
approximately 1% reduction in Compressor Power for each degree that the Condenser Cooling Water Supply Temperature is lowered
Compressor Power reduction would have begun to exceed Propeller Fan power consumption at or below a wet-bulb temperature of approximately 72ยฐF, whereas equality on Blower Fan operation would not have been reached until about 64ยฐF wet bulb.
Fan Laws
- ZPR๐ก
Drew Ameroid Acquired Solenis:
Biosperse (corrosive, functions @ acidic pH)
Corrosion Inhibitor 20-30%
Dispersant 0%
Oxi Biocide 100%
Non-oxi Biocide 100%
Cooling Tower BALANCING side Water Flow SLOWER
Polarized matter is accelerated in the electric field with a change in the arrangement of free ions around polarized matter as a result of a change in the hydrodynamic resistance in the fluid (Derjaguin et al 1980).
High Voltage Capacitance Field Induce Time-transient Colloid Polarization, Charge (free ions) Rearrangement, structural-conformational changes, ion pairs dissociation
Biofouling Control in Heat Exchangers using High Voltage Based Technology
Fouling Mitigation in Aqueous Systems Using Electrochemical Water Treatment (Zeta Rod Working Principle)
Zeta Power Improves Both Cooling Tower & Chillers Efficiency, 2023-Sep-13
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ๅๅทฅโ๏ธ
Benzalkonium chloride
RM 450/ 30L @ 2019
Peptide polymer ๏ผ่ๅ่ฝ๏ผ
USD 10-100 per kg๏ผๅๅณไบ้ฟๅบฆใๅคๆๅบฆ๏ผ@ 2019
Peptides (Synthetic specific-sequence, 10 to 30 residues long)
USD 100,000 per kg @ 2019
