China has announced plans to develop shipping lanes through the Arctic to become a "Polar Silk Route". Beijing said global warming meant viable shipping routes through the Arctic would become increasingly important for international trade. It said China would work with Russia and other Arctic countries to develop the polar route. It is part of an ambitious bigger scheme to transform China's land and sea connections to Europe and beyond.
President Xi Jinping's $1tn (£700bn) Belt and Road Initiative seeks to rebuild much of Eurasia's infrastructure of ports, roads and rails, and put China at its centre. Global warming is - ironically, some observers say, given industry's role in creating it - opening the world up to more potential business opportunities.
Last August, a Russian tanker travelled from Norway to South Korea without an icebreaker escort for the first time. "China hopes to work with all parties to build a 'Polar Silk Road' through developing the Arctic shipping routes," China said in its first official policy paper on the polar region. The new route could take 20 days off the 48 days it currently takes to get to Rotterdam from China via the Suez Canal, estimates suggest.