[Quantum Computer & Blockchain Security] Chapter 3. Janus-faced qua...

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Last time, We have learned about the magical phenomena of nature that are caused by quantum superposition and quantum entanglement, especially the measurement of quantum states and quantum transitions.

Chapter 3. Janus-faced quantum computer? Quantum Parallelism and Quantum Communication Security This time, let's talk about how quantum parallelism due to quantum superposition and quantum entanglement relates to quantum communication security.

Simple Review

As a result of the measurement, the initial quantum state can not be known.

Acquiring information about a system through measurement inevitably disturbs the state of the system.

Quantum entanglement transcends the principle of locality.

If we determine the state of one of the two quantum entangled quantities through the measurement, we can immediately determine the state of the other.
Quantum teleportation is transferring information from one location to another without having to move real physical particles.

Use the quantum parallelism!

The superposition and entangled quantum states allow to manipulate all states in a single operation. This characteristic is called quantum parallelism. Quantum parallelism enables quantum information processing, quantum communication, and quantum cryptography to solve problems that conventional computers can not solve. Today, we will look at two topics, quantum communication and quantum cryptography.

It is impossible to copy any quantum states!

The two interchanges, the acquisition of information through measurement and the disruption of the state of the physical system, are a kind of quantum mechanical random sampling. This implies that quantum mechanical information can not be copied perfectly. If it is possible to make a perfect copy, it is against the basic axiom of quantum mechanics because it is measured with a copy instead of the original, and the measurement is done without disturbing the original system.

It may seem that you can not handle the quantum state at our disposal because measurement can inevitably affect the state. But this is very attractive. This allows us to establish a quantum key distribution cryptosystem that can not be absolutely stolen in communication security.

Classical communication technologies use one fixed coding scheme, so if someone intends, any users can steal and read information. However, the quantum key distribution cryptosystem uses a variety of coding schemes to generate and measure information. If someone do not know exactly what coding scheme is used at random, someone will not be able to read the information sent by the sender completely. Above all, this external measurement action damages the quantum information sent by the sender, so the act of stealing information of sender/receiver is immediately detected. In other words, when the user detects eavesdropping, the information is broken at the moment of eavesdropping and all the user need to do is to abolish the communication channel and create a new key.

Quantum computers with both sides of communication security?

Currently widely used public-key cryptography is based on the fact that it is very difficult to decompose a large number of prime numbers. A quantum computer that can solve a large number of prime numbers quickly can easily solve such a password. A quantum computer poses a major threat to modern communications security that employs public key cryptography, while it can provide a quantum cryptography transmission method that is absolutely impossible to eavesdrop. It can literally be a double-edged sword.

Today’s quantum communication security

Various physical, human and functional security techniques related to confidentiality, integrity and availability are required in the operation of communication system. Among them, functional security using cryptographic algorithms and protocols is the most important. Key distribution, encryption, authentication, and other features must be able to run reliable cryptographic algorithms and protocols that work properly. Various quantum cryptography studies such as encryption decryption, signature, secret sharing, indefinite transmission, bit delegation, and multiparametric computation have been carried out. However, due to the present technical limitations of quantum memory and quantum computing, only quantum key distribution and quantum random number generation have been commercialized. The above-mentioned quantum key distribution that can not be eavesdropped is alss based on the quantum random number generation system.

Next time, we will deal with what is the qubit and how does it used for quantum information processing.

I want to deliver it as easily as possible, but this topic is very difficult for everyone. If you comment your question, I will reply to you as easily and concisely as I can.

The following chapter is introduced.

Chapter 4. Quantum Information Processing using Qubits

Please do not take your eyes off!

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All images used in this post are from Google Images.

# YHH

[Quantum Computer & Blockchain Security] Chapter 3. Janus-faced quantum computer Quantum Parallelism and Quantum Communication Security