La respuesta del filósofo - "¿Qué es la metafísica?" (Heidegger) || The philosopher's answer - "What is metaphysics?" (Heidegger)

It is of interest to observe within the text on "what is metaphysics" of Heidegger its structure, at first sight by the title it seems that the author goes directly to the answer of his question, nevertheless, when we arrive to the reading we understand that the author first places us before a metaphysical problem to then give answer to the written text and especially to its title. In this way, I believe that the text has been written in an experiential way, that is to say, Heidegger before the questioning of the metaphysical problem, finds the problem materialized in the society, for such reason he sees as a very good way to come to explain, the experience, the metaphysical contact of the person with the entity, or what the thing is.

Thus, it has a very traditional structure where the problem is posed and then the answer to the problem posed. It is also important to make clear that from the beginning Heidegger wants the problem to answer itself "It is the only way to really offer metaphysics the possibility of presenting itself " (Heidegger). For this reason the interest and impetus of the approach itself in which emphasizes its scope, since according to what he raises the metaphysical problem will embrace or reach its totality, thus, there is nothing that is determined but by the universality and by the contact of the entity itself.

There is an existence within science impossible to end, to ignore and Heidegger raises it under a triad, being this "universal reference, attitude, irruption " (Heidegger) for the author these 3 give the notion and the warmth of presence and the manifestation of the universal it is man himself who takes a position in front of the entity and is able to intervene. Since then, under Heidegger's triad the metaphysical problem is flourishing because he considers that there is no possibility of abandoning the entity or of ceasing to discover it, since if I stop doing it I would be admitting it, for such a reason I would be entering metaphysics What is it?

Therefore, for the author there is not within his philosophical thinking an abandonment of nothingness and he takes the opportunity to make a criticism of science which in a hostile way despises it and considers it as less within his studies. However, Heidegger notes that by wanting to abandon it, he invokes it, since in not wanting to know anything about nothingness he admits its existence, since then, the author in his study investigates this problem and discovers a powerful weapon within knowledge, and it is that "understanding is the means and thinking is the way to originally grasp nothingness and to decide about its possible revelation" (Heidegger).

With this opens the way to the discovery of nothingness, then What is nothingness? For the author "It is the negation of the universality of the entity, the absolute non-entity" (Heidegger). With this, at first glance we can understand then that nothingness and the universal confront each other, they are in a position of struggle because what for one is, for the other is the negation of that which is, therefore, it also is. It is paradoxical perhaps to think of it in this way, but not when thought, thinking is the one who reveals it, when it is determined by a human operation or reason.

Now then, does man know in its totality the nothingness? It is a question within the metaphysical plane to which in sincerity it is necessary to answer that no, man knows in the first place the word and secondly its negation as sustenance or better as the concept of the word, in fact, Heidegger leaves it in view "we reach, certainly, the formal concept of the imagined nothingness, but never the nothingness itself"(Heidegger). Another fundamental factor that appears before the nothingness and in which the author could not stop speaking marked by existentialism is the anguish, he thinks that it reveals the nothingness, and it is interesting since the development that arises is that the anguish distances the entity and by distancing it man is clouded and thoughts of negation come to him, that is to say, when man wonders, investigates, automatically there is an inclination to that which is and is not.

Finally, let us see then some of the answers raised by Heidegger to the metaphysical problem. First of all, it is important then to say that man undergoes transformations and being subject to, he is also sensitive to make an abstraction of nothingness, anxiety is not the comprehension of nothingness, but a manifestation of it, nothingness does not annihilate the entity, it is above all a negation, where it places existence in front of the entity, that is to say, it makes question it, that is why Heidegger shows "to exist means to remain inside the nothingness" that is to say, there is a fight between the nothingness, the existence and the entity and where they are necessary to give answer and the existence the concealment becomes more than transcendent because there is not a dependence that makes it be subject to that or this. On the other hand, it is necessary to keep in mind that nothingness does not require the entity as we have already said and that for this reason it must be a manifestation of man.

Finally, what is metaphysics? Although his concepts have been variable, Heidegger shows the transcendental to his problem in question, since for him to discover or try to develop the nothingness there was a process of understanding and a reason that had to look beyond what was raised, so is metaphysics, it is to go beyond, it is to inquire about the entity, and Heidegger raises the nothingness as a metaphysical question to tell us that although it is not being, it is an unresolved problem, where science distances and ignores it, now, what is useful to know is that "nothingness is manifested in the background of existence" (Heidegger) and therefore it is immersed in nature and being within it is surrounded by "the fundamental event IN existence and AS existence" (Heidegger) is for this reason, that it becomes an unresolved problem, that is to say, a purely metaphysical problem.