Really appreciated @urost!
I actually skipped a bit of the explanation of pH so it is not too complicated. For example, when measuring pH for buffers like carbonic and phosphate, we actually do the calculation in the following way (as they are weak acids):
pH = pKa - log ([Acid]/[Base])
pKa = logarithm of the acid constant
[acid] = concentration of acid
[base] = concentration of base
And thanks for your notes, I almost forgot pH can also have higher or lower values (like negative in concentrated HCl). Otherwise, I understood that it was defined as the negative logarithm of the concentration, but I need to check that one out.
Thank you a lot!
RE: Acid-Base Balance in the Human Body: Mechanisms of Regulation